社会网络中的犯罪行为研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 17:13

本文选题：犯罪行为　切入点：犯罪地点　出处：《山东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 犯罪作为一种社会现象,必然随着社会的发展而变化,并呈现出一种动态的变化过程。从某些方面来讲,犯罪具有区域化的特征。任何一个特定的行政区域,其地理环境和社会现状直接决定着该区域内主要的犯罪类型和犯罪的发展趋势。同其他有因之果的事物一样,犯罪的产生也并不是没有原因的。一切犯罪个案的产生都离不开相应的时间、地点及其它相关因素。缺少了一定的条件和因素,犯罪就不可能发生。犯罪行为作为个人反抗社会的产物,是国家首先需要给予否定的人类行为。因此,它受到了政治家、社会学家、法学家等学者们的广泛关注。为了有效地预防和打击犯罪,学者们倾注了大量的心血,从各个不同的层面对之进行研究。对犯罪的研究,最主要的是对犯罪行为的研究。然而,在我国对犯罪行为的研究一直以来都是由刑法学和犯罪学担当着。刑法学以犯罪行为的确定性为前提,把犯罪行为作为构成要件的要素来研究;犯罪学则把犯罪行为作为社会现象来考察,它显示的是概略的、非要件式的行为特征。但是,刑法学和犯罪学都没有把犯罪行为作为唯一的、专门的研究对象。换言之,它们对犯罪行为的研究都仅仅是作为实现自己主要目的的手段或者前提,并没有对行为本身做系统地研究。因此,从某些方面来说,前辈们对犯罪行为的研究缺乏一种宏观的、系统的方法,具有一定的局限性。复杂网络是现实世界中大量复杂系统存在的拓扑基础。从整体特征而言,它介于规则网络和随机网络之间,具有小世界效应和无标度的特征。从整体研究角度而言,它以不同复杂网络之间的共性和处理它们的普适方法为研究对象。因此,我们可以将复杂网络理论用于对犯罪行为的研究。本文的研究重点并不是试图建立一个全新的复杂网络模型,而是在借鉴已有的网络模型的基础上,建立犯罪地点关系网路。通过对犯罪地点关系网络,这一真实加权网络的研究,发现目前专家学者在研究犯罪行为的过程中所忽略的一些方法和知识。本文的主要研究内容如下: 第一,利用已经获得的真实数据来构建犯罪地点关系网络,得到了犯罪地点关系网络的网络结构示意图。第二,将犯罪地点关系网络投影为基于案件的犯罪地点关系网络和基于人数的犯罪地点关系网络两种加权网络,并得到了二者的网络结构示意图。第三,分析基于案件的犯罪地点关系网络和基于人数的犯罪地点关系网络的拓扑结构,并对二者进行模拟仿真,发现了二者的点权分布和边权分布都具有幂律分布的特征。第四,结合刑法、犯罪学及其他相关知识,分析已发犯罪行为的主要特征及影响犯罪行为发生的主要因素,对司法部门和有关管理部门提出了预防和打击犯罪的建议。此外,还总结了本文所做的主要工作,并对下一步工作提出了展望。
[Abstract]:Crime, as a social phenomenon, inevitably changes with the development of society and presents a dynamic process of change. In some respects, crime has the characteristics of regionalization. Its geographical environment and social conditions directly determine the main types of crime and trends in crime in the region. The emergence of crime is not without reason. All cases of crime can not occur without the corresponding time, place and other relevant factors. Without certain conditions and factors, the crime can not take place. Criminal behavior, as a product of individual resistance to society, is the first human behavior that the country needs to deny. Therefore, it has attracted the widespread attention of politicians, sociologists, jurists and other scholars. In order to effectively prevent and combat crime, the criminal behavior has attracted the attention of many scholars, such as politicians, sociologists, jurists and so on. Scholars put a lot of effort into it and studied it at different levels. The most important thing in the study of crime is the study of criminal behavior. However, In our country, the study of criminal behavior has always been carried out by criminal law and criminology. Criminal law takes the certainty of criminal act as the premise and regards criminal act as the element of constitutive elements. Criminology, on the other hand, looks at criminal behavior as a social phenomenon, which shows a general nature and must be characterized by piecemeal behavior. However, neither criminal law nor criminology takes criminal conduct as the sole, specialized object of study. In other words, Their research on criminal behavior is only as a means or premise to achieve their main purpose, and they do not systematically study the behavior itself. Therefore, in some respects, the study of criminal behavior by their predecessors lacks a macro. The systematic method has certain limitation. Complex network is the topological foundation of the existence of a large number of complex systems in the real world. In terms of the overall characteristics, it lies between the regular network and the random network, and has the characteristics of small-world effect and scale-free. It focuses on the commonness of different complex networks and the universal methods to deal with them. Therefore, we can apply the theory of complex networks to the study of criminal behavior. The research focus of this paper is not to try to establish a new complex network model, but to establish the network of criminal location relationship based on the existing network model. The research of this real weighted network finds some methods and knowledge that experts and scholars ignore in the course of studying criminal behavior. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. Firstly, using the real data obtained to construct the crime location relationship network, the network structure diagram of the crime location relationship network is obtained. Secondly, the crime location relationship network is projected into two kinds of weighted networks, namely, the crime location relationship network based on the case and the crime location relationship network based on the number of persons, and the schematic diagram of the network structure of the two networks is obtained. Thirdly, the topological structure of the crime location relationship network based on the case and the crime location relationship network based on the number of persons is analyzed, and the simulation results show that the point weight distribution and the edge weight distribution of both have the characteristics of power law distribution. Fourth, combined with criminal law, criminology and other relevant knowledge, analyzes the main characteristics of the crime committed and the main factors that affect the occurrence of the crime, and puts forward suggestions for the judiciary and the relevant management departments to prevent and combat crime. In addition, The main work done in this paper is summarized, and the future work is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D917

【参考文献】