网络公共事件传播中微博伦理失范与规制研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 17:16

本文选题：微博 + 伦理失范　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：微博作为互联网的新生力量,不仅改变了我们的生活和沟通方式,也日益成为网络公共事件的策源地,扮演着社会动员的角色,发挥着推波助澜的作用。微博在引发了越来越多的网络公共事件、释放出巨大能量的同时,也伴随着伦理失范现象的日益增多,微博使用者在虚拟的微博空间中肆意贬损着应遵守的伦理道德和法律规范。尤其是在社会急速转型期,在网络公共事件频发的传播语境下,微博传播中究竟存在哪些伦理问题,微博使用者该如何使用微博,如何规避网络公共事件传播中的微博暴力、微博谣言等伦理失范,微博的传播伦理又该如何建构,如何促进微博的健康发展并使其在建构公共领域方面有更大的作为,这些问题都需要我们认真反思和研究。本文采用文献研究法、案例分析法、访谈法等研究方法,对国内外针对微博和微博伦理的研究进行了梳理和评析,对微博给传播环境带来的改变、微博对社会伦理道德的进步带来的影响进行了分析和研究,并通过对“少女毁容”事件典型个案的解剖,梳理和分析了网络公共事件传播过程中微博伦理失范的四个现象,探析了网络公共事件传播过程中微博伦理失范的原因,最后依据莱斯格的“网络行为规范力”理论,提出了“建构、自律、把关、监管”的规制办法,论文的主要研究内容如下： 1、对微博的主要传播特性进行了概括和总结(低门槛、碎片化、整合性、即时性、裂变式传播、跟随性)。研究了微博对传播环境带来的多个方面的改变,即：微博使得社会话语权进一步分散并下放；微博进一步改变了信息流动的方向；微博的出现增强了传统媒介的危机感；微博具备了强大的议程设置能力。从技术伦理学与媒介伦理学的视角,指出微博具有深刻的伦理学底蕴。比较了微博伦理与传统伦理学、一般技术伦理学、网络伦理、传播伦理的异同。研究了微博对社会伦理道德进步带来的影响,即：微博赋予道德主体以平等的话语权；微博使道德主体的能动性和创造性得到了张扬；微博赋予自由、民主、创新等道德范畴以新的伦理精神。 2、通过对网络公共事件与微博伦理失范的研究,提出了“与其他传播语境相比,微博的伦理失范在网络公共事件传播语境下体现的更为突出、更为集中”的观点。通过对合肥“少女毁容”事件传播过程中微博传播路径的追踪以及微博传播内容的研究,梳理了以“少女毁容”事件为代表的网络公共事件传播过程中若干典型的微博伦理失范现象,即事件传播过程中微博语言暴力的表现、事件传播过程中三条微博谣言的产生与消解的过程、事件传播过程中隐私权的侵犯范围与程度、事件传播过程中微博平台上网民群体极化的产生与消解过程等。 3、从技术、主体、外部环境三个角度对网络公共事件传播过程中微博伦理失范的原因进行了探析,认为技术根源主要包括：微博的自媒体特征对微博使用者的道德水准提出了新的挑战；微博信息“把关”的缺位易导致语言暴力的泛滥和隐私侵犯行为的增多；微博的“碎片化”特征容易导致“断章取义”以及谣言的滋生和传播；微博的“核裂变”式传播易诱发群体极化等非理性行为。认为主体根源主要包括：微博使用者自然属性对微博空间道德规范的排斥；部分微博使用者道德意识的淡漠和缺失；微博使用者的从众心理也容易引发伦理失范。认为外部根源主要包括：网络公共事件中个人道德情感与公众道德情感的冲突；网络公共事件传播中微博使用者的宣泄和狂欢心理；微博伦理规范与法律法规建设的滞后及无耐。 4、在对微博伦理失范现象和原因分析的基础上,借鉴莱斯格的“网络行为规范力”理论,从建构、自律、把关、监管四个维度研究了微博伦理失范的规制办法。在建构微博伦理原则规范的维度上,分析了建构微博伦理原则规范应遵循无害原则、公平原则、尊重原则、责任原则,探讨了网络公共事件传播中微博传播应遵循的伦理底线,分析了当前微博自律公约等伦理规范的制定情况和改进之处。在微博使用者自律维度上,研究了媒体微博、意见领袖微博、普通微博用户的自律内涵。在把关维度上,认为微博运营商既要加强自律又要他律,提出：要在微博系统的技术设计中嵌入道德因素；加强微博内容的审核；对微博用户的伦理失范行为进行界定和处理；主动开设官方辟谣账号。在监管层面,认为政府部门既要善管,也要善用,提出了加强政务微博建设,及时回应公众关切；加快微博立法步伐,使微博监管有章可循；形成依法、公开、科学的监管机制,引导微博健康发展等三条措施。探讨网络公共事件传播中微博伦理失范及其规制对策,对于丰富网络伦理学的内涵具有重要的理论意义。同时,对网络公共事件传播中微博伦理问题的研究,不仅对于微博这一新事物的健康发展具有重要的意义(微博在中国曾因为出现问题而多次遭到政府部门的关闭和整顿),而且对于微博使用者合理使用微博,对政府部门在网络公共事件发生后正确使用微博,及时关注和应对事件态势发展都具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:As a new force of the Internet, micro-blog has not only changed our way of life and communication, but also became the source of network public events, playing the role of social mobilization, playing a role in boosting the flames. Micro-blog is triggering more and more network public events, releasing huge energy and accompanying ethical anomie. The increasing number of phenomena, micro-blog users in the virtual micro-blog space wanton derogatory ethics and legal norms. Especially in the social rapid transition period, in the communication context of the frequent network of public events, what is the ethical problems in micro-blog communication, how the micro-blog users should use micro-blog and how to avoid the network. Micro-blog violence, micro-blog rumors and other ethical anomie in the communication of public events, how to construct the ethics of micro-blog's communication, how to promote the healthy development of the micro-blog and make it more important in the construction of the public domain, all of which need our careful reflection and research.
In this paper, literature research, case analysis, interview and other research methods are used to analyze and evaluate the ethics of micro-blog and micro-blog at home and abroad. The changes brought about by micro-blog to the communication environment and the influence of micro-blog on the progress of social ethics are analyzed and studied, and the event code of "disfigurement of girls" is also carried out. The four phenomena of micro-blog Ethics Anomie in the transmission process of network public events are analyzed and analyzed. The reasons of micro-blog Ethics Anomie are analyzed in the process of network public event transmission. Finally, according to the theory of "network behavior standard force", the paper puts forward the rules and regulations of "construction, self-discipline, control, supervision". The main contents are as follows:
1, the main transmission characteristics of micro-blog are summarized and summarized (low threshold, fragmentation, integration, immediacy, fission transmission, follower). The study of the changes brought by micro-blog to the communication environment, namely, micro-blog to further decentralize and decentralize the social discourse power; micro-blog further changed the direction of information flow; micro-blog The emergence of the traditional media has enhanced the sense of crisis; micro-blog has a strong ability to set up the agenda. From the perspective of technical ethics and media ethics, it points out that micro-blog has profound ethical implications. It compares the similarities and differences between micro-blog ethics and traditional ethics, general technical ethics, network ethics, and communication ethics. It also studies the society of micro-blog to society. The influence of ethical and moral progress is that micro-blog gives the moral subject equal discourse power; micro-blog makes the initiative and creativity of the moral subject be publicized; and micro-blog gives freedom, democracy, innovation and other moral categories with a new ethical spirit.
2, through the study of network public events and micro-blog Ethics Anomie, this paper puts forward the view that "compared with other communication contexts, micro-blog's ethical anomie is more prominent and more concentrated in the context of network public event dissemination". Through the tracking of the transmission path of micro-blog in the process of "disfigurement of young girls" in Hefei and micro-blog, and micro-blog. The study of communication content combs some typical micro-blog Ethics Anomie in the process of network public events, represented by the "disfigurement of young girls", that is, the performance of micro-blog language violence in the process of event dissemination, the process of the emergence and elimination of three micro-blog rumors in the course of the event transmission, and the invasion of the right to privacy during the event spread process. The scope and extent of the crime, the process of generating and eliminating the polarization of Internet users on micro-blog platform in the process of event propagation.
3, from the three angles of technology, main body and external environment, the reasons of micro-blog ethical anomie in the communication process of network public events are discussed, and the technical roots include: the self media characteristics of micro-blog put forward new challenges to the moral standards of micro-blog users; the absence of "control" of "micro-blog" is easy to lead to the overflow of language violence. And the increase of privacy violations; the "fragmented" characteristics of micro-blog easily lead to "out of context" and the birth and spread of rumors; the "nuclear fission" of micro-blog is easy to induce irrational behavior, such as group polarization. The main source of the main includes: the exclusion of the natural attributes of micro-blog users to the moral code of the micro-blog; Some micro-blog users' moral consciousness is indifferent and lack; the micro-blog users' conforming psychology can also easily lead to ethical anomie. The external source mainly includes the conflict between personal moral emotion and the public moral emotion in the network public events; the micro-blog makes the users vent and Carnival psychology in the transmission of the network public events and the micro-blog ethics. The construction of norms and laws and regulations is lagging behind and without tolerance.
4, on the basis of the phenomenon of micro-blog Ethics Anomie and the analysis of the reasons for it, using Lythgoe's theory of "network behavior standard force", this paper studies the regulation methods of micro-blog Ethics Anomie from construction, self-discipline, control and supervision, and analyzes the construction of the ethics principle of micro-blog in the dimension of the norms of the construction of the ethical principles of the micro-blog should follow the innocuity. The principle, the principle of fairness, the principle of respect, the principle of responsibility, discuss the ethical bottom line of the transmission of micro-blog in the transmission of network public events, and analyze the formulation and improvement of the ethical norms such as the current micro-blog self-discipline convention. On the self-discipline dimension of micro-blog users, we have studied the media micro-blog, the opinion leader micro-blog, the ordinary micro-blog user. On the level of law, it is believed that micro-blog operators should strengthen self-discipline and heteronomy, put forward that we should embed moral factors in the technical design of micro-blog system, strengthen the audit of micro-blog content, define and deal with the ethical anomie behavior of the micro-blog users, open up the official account number of the micro-blog, and consider the government department at the regulatory level. The door should be good management and good use, put forward to strengthen the construction of government micro-blog, respond to public concern in time, speed up the legislative step of micro-blog, make the supervision of micro-blog have rules, and form three measures, such as law, public and scientific supervision mechanism, and guide the healthy development of the micro-blog.
It is of great theoretical significance to explore the ethical anomie and its regulatory Countermeasures of micro-blog in the dissemination of network public events. It has important theoretical significance for enriching the connotation of network ethics. At the same time, the research on the ethical issues of micro-blog in the transmission of network public events is of great significance not only to the healthy development of micro-blog, which is a new thing (micro-blog has appeared in China). The problem has been closed and rectified many times by the government departments, and it is of great practical significance for micro-blog users to use micro-blog reasonably and to use micro-blog correctly after the network public events occur, and to pay attention to and cope with the situation development in time.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D631.43;G206

【参考文献】