构建我国社区矫正制度的若干思考

发布时间：2018-06-01 23:04

本文选题：社区 + 社区矫正　；参考：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在法律上,如何对待罪犯,表明一个国家的社会文明与法律发达的程度。轻刑化和行刑社会化是国际发展的大趋势,对罪犯的改造注重惩罚与教育的并重。社区矫正制度,作为一种社会化的行刑方式,是对中国长期以来的传统重刑主义的冲击,能充分地利用社会资源帮助犯罪人更好地完成改造、复归社会。同时,减缓监狱的压力,使司法资源得到更为合理的分配。目前,西方国家的社区矫正制度日趋完善,使用率高,效果突出,在司法实践中已成为矫治犯罪的重要手段。我国的社区矫正制度尚处于试点阶段,不管是在立法上还是在理论研究上都处在薄弱状态,需要丰富的理论研究予以诠释和充实,需要通过长期的实践工作为立法提供依据和支持。本文除结语部分以外,共通过六个章节,运用比较分析、理论联系实际等方法,站在法律与社会学等多个角度,循序渐进地对社区矫正制度予以描述和分析,并结合中国的实际情况进行考证研究。第一部分将探查社区矫正的内涵,概述社区矫正的概念、社区的概念以及社区矫正的特征。重点对社区矫正作为“非监禁刑罚执行活动”这一描述加以补充和完善,以及对社区的范围从社区功能的角度加以扩充,除居民委员会辖区之外,延伸至自然村落、大型工矿企业和高校等。第二部分对社区矫正制度在美国、英国和日本等国的发展及现状进行分析,为下文中社区矫正在我国的本土化试点提供制度建构及立法保障等问题上的参考依据。第三部分从社区矫正的价值维度,结合国外的实践情况,对社区矫正制度在我国适用的可行性进行分析。社区矫正前期试点工作最具代表性的是“北京模式”和“上海模式”,分别代表了注重行政力量作用和注重社会力量作用两条路线。在试行社区矫正制度的初期,社区环境和社区意识还极不成熟的情况下,推广“北京模式”更具实际意义。社区矫正在试点过程中所暴露出的在适用对象、矫正方法、农村社区矫正工作的开展以及立法保障等方面的问题,都应在今后的工作中予以纠正和完善。第四部分将对社区矫正的适用问题,包括社区矫正的主体及适用对象进行具体、细致地阐述。在适用主体方面,集中解决执行主体与执法主体分离以及志愿者队伍建设方面的问题。在适用对象方面,将刑罚、劳动教养和治安处罚进行通盘的考虑,将被相对不起诉人、暂缓起诉人员、劳动教养人员以及刑释人员纳入社区矫正体系中,以拓展和完善社区矫正功能,丰富社区矫正内涵。第五部分对社区矫正在具体操作中的几个重要问题,包括社区服务刑的设置以及农村社区矫正工作的深入开展进行探讨研究,以解决当前社区矫正执行手段匮乏、针对性不强,以及农村社区矫正工作存在大量空白的现实问题。第六部分在分析以上问题的基础之上,针对试点阶段社区矫正工作反映出的问题,对社区矫正的立法工作提出一些建议。包括增设社区服务刑、明确司法行政机关作为社区矫正工作的执行主体、明确各职能部门的工作衔接程序、明确对矫正对象的奖惩考核标准、强化工作保障体系、完善保障措施等。循序渐进地建立和完善国家层面的社区矫正立法保障体系。
[Abstract]:In the law, how to treat the criminals, indicating the degree of social civilization and law developed in a country. Light punishment and socialization of execution are the trend of international development. The reform of criminals should be paid more attention to punishment and education. Community correction system, as a kind of socialized execution formula, is the traditional heavy punishment to China for a long time. The impact, can make full use of social resources to help the perpetrators better complete the transformation, return to the society. At the same time, slow down the pressure of the prison, and make the judicial resources more reasonable distribution. At present, the community correction system of the western countries is becoming more and more perfect, the use rate is high, the effect is outstanding, and in the judicial practice, it has become an important means of correcting the crime. The system of community correction is still in the pilot stage. Whether it is in a weak state in legislation or in theoretical research, it needs rich theoretical research to be annotated and enriched. It is necessary to provide the basis and support for legislation through long-term practice.
In addition to the concluding part, this paper, through six chapters, uses comparative analysis, theory and practice, and stands in many angles, such as law and sociology, and describes and analyzes the community correction system in a gradual way, and makes textual research on the actual situation in China.
The first part will explore the connotation of community correction, summarize the concept of community correction, the concept of community and the characteristics of community correction. The focus is to supplement and improve the description of community correction as "non imprisonment penalty execution activities", and to expand the scope of community from the perspective of community function, in addition to the jurisdiction of the residents committee. It extends to natural villages, large industrial and mining enterprises and universities.
The second part of the community correction system in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan and other countries to analyze the development and present situation, in order to provide a reference for the following issues of community correction in China's localization of the localization of the pilot system and legislative support.
The third part analyzes the feasibility of the community correction system in China from the value dimension of community correction and the practice of foreign countries. The most representative of the pilot work in the early stage of community correction is the "Beijing model" and "Shanghai model", which represent two ways of paying attention to the role of political power and paying attention to the role of social power. Line. In the early stage of the trial of the community correction system, the promotion of the "Beijing model" is more practical when the community environment and community consciousness are not mature. The problems that the community correction has exposed in the pilot process, such as the applicable object, the correction method, the development of the rural community correction work and the legislative guarantee, should all be in the future. To correct and improve in the work.
In the fourth part, the application of community correction, including the main body and the applicable object of community correction, will be detailed and detailed. In the application subject, it will concentrate on the separation of the executive subject and the law enforcement body and the construction of the volunteer team. In the field of application, the penalty, the reeducation through labor and the public security punishment will be carried out in general. In order to expand and improve the function of community correction and enrich the connotation of community correction, it will be included in the system of community correction by the relative non prosecution, the reprieve of the prosecution, the reeducation of labor and the prisoners.
The fifth part of the community correction in the specific operation of several important issues, including the setting of community service punishment and the in-depth development of rural community correction work to explore, in order to solve the current lack of implementation methods of community correction, the lack of pertinence, and the existence of a large number of practical problems in the work of rural community correction.
The sixth part, based on the analysis of the above problems, puts forward some suggestions on the legislative work of community correction in view of the problems reflected in the community correction work in the pilot stage, including adding community service punishment, making clear the judicial administrative organs as the executive subject of community correction work, and clearly defining the work connection procedures of various functional departments, and clear that To correct the standard of reward and punishment, strengthen the work guarantee system and improve the safeguard measures, the legislative guarantee system of community correction at the national level is set up and perfected step by step.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D926.8

【引证文献】