论我国老年人犯罪的原因与预防

发布时间：2018-06-06 04:20

本文选题：老年人犯罪 + 精神赡养　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人口老龄化的加速，老年问题日益突出。其中，老年人犯罪日趋增多，是老龄化问题在社会生活中的一种特殊表现。老年人犯罪是主、客观因素相互作用的结果，既有老年人自身的生理、心理原因，如罹患疾病导致思想过于极端、身体机能退化降低是非判断能力等；也有外部客观原因，如家庭结构变迁、社区组织变化导致精神依托缺失、孝道文化日益式微和“无用老人”思想的影响等。这些因素都可能在一定程度上诱发和刺激老年人犯罪。就“自救式”老年犯罪而言，其中还存在着一些具体的致罪因素，如社会保障制度不够完善、社会救济和法律救助难以落实等。从整体上看，当前我国的犯罪统计标准还不够全面，缺乏必要的关于老年人犯罪的专项统计数据，而司法统计数据还不能向社会全面公开。统计政策上的这些不足，在一定程度上掩盖了老年人犯罪的严重性，转移了社会的关注度，，致使我国关于老年人犯罪的理论研究和实务分析相对比较滞后。因此，对老年人犯罪现象进行分析，明确其发生的原因并据之提出应对之策，预防老年人违法犯罪，是本文撰写本文的主要目的所在。本文主要分为三部分：第一部分主要是对我国老年人犯罪的概念、表现形式和特点进行界定和分析。老年人犯罪，应当是指已满60周岁的、特殊情况下接近60周岁的人所实施的严重危害社会的、违反刑事法律规范，或侵害其他规范的、应受刑罚或特定非刑罚处罚的犯罪或违法行为。我国当前老年人犯罪主要存在两种表现形式：一是“普通型”老年人犯罪，即因主、客观因素的综合作用而导致的老年人实施的违法犯罪行为；二是“自救式”老年人犯罪，即老年人在合法权益受到侵害或得不到应有保障时，不得不依靠自身力量而实施的、侵害他人人身权利或财产利益的违法犯罪行为。第二部分主要是探讨我国老年人犯罪的原因。在控制理论和社会支持理论基础上分析了我国老年人犯罪的原因。老年人犯罪是老年人自身生理、心理特征以及家庭、社区组织、社会观念等外部客观原因相互作用的结果。对“自救式”老年人犯罪原因，重点阐述了不完善的社会养老、医疗保障制度和错误的自救观念、不健全的他力救助方式问题。第三部分主要介绍了为预防我国老年人犯罪所应当采取的对策。主要为加强家庭、社会对老年人的精神关怀；引导媒体正面宣传、调整退休政策、规范老年公益活动和老年人再教育；完善老年人社会保障制度和调解、司法诉讼等他力救助方式。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of population aging, the problem of old age is becoming increasingly prominent. Among them, the crime of the elderly is increasing day by day, which is a special manifestation of the aging problem in the social life. The crime of the elderly is the result of the interaction of subjective and objective factors, such as the physiological and psychological reasons of the elderly, such as the extreme thought caused by disease, the deterioration of physical function and the ability to judge the right and wrong, and so on, as well as the external objective reasons. For example, family structure changes, community organization changes lead to the lack of spiritual support, filial piety culture is declining and the influence of "useless old people" thought and so on. These factors may induce and stimulate crime in the elderly to a certain extent. As far as the "self-help" old age crime is concerned, there are still some specific factors, such as the imperfect social security system, the difficulty of carrying out the social relief and legal aid and so on. On the whole, the crime statistics standard in our country is not comprehensive enough, and the necessary special statistical data on the crime of the elderly are lacking, while the judicial statistics data can not be completely disclosed to the society. These shortcomings in statistical policies to some extent cover up the seriousness of the crime of the elderly and shift the attention of the society. As a result, the theoretical research and practical analysis on the crime of the elderly in China are relatively lagging behind. Therefore, it is the main purpose of this paper to analyze the crime phenomenon of the elderly, to make clear the causes of its occurrence and to put forward countermeasures to prevent the crime of the elderly. This paper is divided into three parts: The first part is to define and analyze the concept, manifestation and characteristics of the elderly crime in China. An elderly person who commits a crime shall refer to a person who has reached the age of 60 years and is close to the age of 60 years under special circumstances who commits serious harm to society, violates criminal legal norms, or infringes other norms, An offence or an offence punishable by a penalty or a specific non-penalty. At present, there are two main forms of old people's crime in China: one is "ordinary" old people's crime, that is, the old people's illegal and criminal behavior caused by the combined action of subjective and objective factors, the other is "self-saving" old people's crime. That is, when the lawful rights and interests of the elderly are infringed or can not be guaranteed, they have to rely on their own strength to carry out illegal and criminal acts against the personal rights or property interests of others. The second part mainly discusses the reason of the elderly crime in our country. On the basis of control theory and social support theory, this paper analyzes the causes of the elderly crime in China. The crime of the elderly is the result of the interaction of the physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly as well as the external objective reasons such as family, community organization, social concept and so on. In this paper, the reasons for the crime of "self-saving" elderly people are discussed in detail. The problems of imperfect social old-age care, medical security system, wrong concept of self-help and unsound ways of helping others are discussed. The third part mainly introduces the countermeasures that should be taken to prevent the crime of the elderly in our country. It is mainly to strengthen the family and society's spiritual care for the elderly; to guide the media to promote positive publicity, adjust retirement policies, and standardize public welfare activities for the elderly and re-education for the elderly; and to improve the social security system and mediation for the elderly. Judicial proceedings and other means of assistance.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D917

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