城乡户籍统一改革政策调适问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 20:11

本文选题：城乡统一 + 户籍制度　；参考：《山东农业大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 我国现行的户籍制度从建国初以协调社会和经济发展为目的逐渐演变成为限制公民自由迁徙的行政手段,进而对我国的经济社会发展产生了深远的影响。城乡二元结构的户籍制度已经严重阻碍了经济社会发展,妨碍了人力资源在全社会的优化配置,延缓了农村城市化、现代化进程,导致公民待遇不公平,影响了社会和谐稳定,增加了社会的治理成本。因此,户籍制度改革是当前和今后一段时期我国改革重要领域。城乡二元户籍制度的演变过程经历了二元户籍制度的形成、建立和巩固以及弱化三个阶段。在这一制度的基础上,形成了劳动力市场、社会保障、教育、公共投入、税费、土地等二元制度,同时衍生出诸多附加功能,在经济发展、社会结构、政治权利以及管理机制等方面,呈现出诸多的负效应。我国的城乡户籍统一改革采用的是先试点后推广的模式。但无论是成都“城乡统筹”式的改革,还是济南的“准入式”改革,亦或是郑州的“全面放开”改革,在打破政策坚冰的同时,或多或少存在改革的不彻底性,仍有诸多的问题需要解决。城乡户籍统一后,在实现公民身份平等、缩小城乡差距等方面形成良好的社会效应,在城市规模扩大、促进工农业经济发展、节约能源优化环境、优化产业结构和生产要素配置等方面形成显著的经济效应。试点地区实行城乡户籍统一政策后出现一些不适因素。从制度层面来看,城乡户籍统一后,将会与现行的社会保障制度、住房制度、教育制度、兵役制度、计划生育制度产生一些矛盾与冲突,从地区间户籍制度改革的差异化角度来看,各地区之间户籍改革的不同步、经济发展水平差异以及附加相关制度差异化将会对城乡户籍统一改革形成障碍。为此,根据区域经济发展水平,本文建议:建立全国基本统一、形式多样、资金可自由流动的医疗保障制度;加快建立住房保障体系,完善廉租住房制度,将进城农民工纳入城市住房保障体系;解决农村义务制教育的经费,废除附加在户籍身上的教育不平等政策;在退役士兵的安置上,享受城乡统一的安置待遇;采用“事后迁移”制度,实现公民全国范围内“自由迁徙”;加强户籍法的立法建设。
[Abstract]:The current household registration system in China gradually evolved from the goal of coordinating social and economic development at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the administrative means of restricting the free migration of citizens, which has had a profound impact on the economic and social development of our country. The household registration system of urban-rural dual structure has seriously hindered the economic and social development, hindered the optimal allocation of human resources in the whole society, delayed the process of urbanization and modernization in rural areas, resulted in unfair treatment of citizens, and affected social harmony and stability. Increased the cost of social governance. Therefore, the reform of household registration system is an important field of reform in China at present and in the coming period. The evolution process of the dual household registration system in urban and rural areas has undergone three stages: the formation, establishment and consolidation of the dual household registration system, as well as the weakening of the dual household registration system. On the basis of this system, a dual system of labor market, social security, education, public input, taxes and fees, land and so on has been formed. At the same time, many additional functions have been derived, in economic development and social structure. There are many negative effects in the aspects of political rights and management mechanism. The unified reform of urban and rural household registration in China adopts the model of pilot first and then popularized. However, whether it is the "urban and rural overall planning" reform in Chengdu, the "admittance" reform in Jinan, or the "comprehensive liberalization" reform in Zhengzhou, there is more or less a lack of thoroughness in the reform while breaking the policy ice. There are still many problems to be solved. After the unification of urban and rural household registration, it has formed a good social effect in realizing the equality of citizenship, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, expanding the scale of the city, promoting the development of industrial and agricultural economy, and saving energy to optimize the environment. The optimization of industrial structure and the allocation of production factors have significant economic effects, and some unfavorable factors appear after the implementation of the unified policy of urban and rural household registration in the pilot areas. From the system level, after the unification of urban and rural household registration, there will be some contradictions and conflicts with the current social security system, housing system, education system, military service system, and family planning system. From the point of view of the difference of the household registration system reform between regions, the different reform of household registration among different regions, the difference of economic development level and the addition of the related system difference will form an obstacle to the unified reform of urban and rural household registration. Therefore, according to the level of regional economic development, this paper suggests: to establish a national medical security system with basic unity, diverse forms and free flow of funds; to speed up the establishment of a housing security system, and to improve the system of low-rent housing, To integrate migrant workers into the urban housing security system; to solve the rural compulsory education funds; to abolish the education inequality policy attached to the household registration; to enjoy the unified resettlement treatment between urban and rural areas in the resettlement of retired soldiers; Adopting the system of "ex post migration" to realize the "free migration" of citizens throughout the country, and strengthening the legislative construction of the household registration law.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D631.42

【引证文献】