社区服务刑及其中国确立研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 07:35

本文选题：社区服务刑 + 公益劳动　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：社区服务刑是指法院判决犯罪人在一定的监督之下并且在指定的时间之内,为了社区的公共利益所进行的一定数量无偿的公益劳动性质的非监禁的刑罚方法。20世纪下半叶,随着国际范围内犯罪非刑罚化和刑罚非监禁化的司法改革浪潮,各国开始寻找能够代替传统监禁刑的刑罚方法,这主要表现在英国、美国、俄罗斯等国家出现了新的刑罚方法:社区服务或公益劳动。社区服务刑在其强大的新社会复归理论、刑罚轻缓化理论、行刑社会化理论、刑事赔偿理论的基础上,具有传统刑罚方法所不具备的得天独厚的优越性。因为社区服务刑本质上属于非监禁刑罚方法,这就避免了短期监禁刑的诸多弊端,阻断了监狱亚文化的蔓延,防止了犯罪人之间的交叉感染,同时也节约了大量的司法资源。社区服务刑要求犯罪人在特定社区进行强制劳动,在提高了服刑人员服务意识的同时也使社区群众看到了他们的真诚悔改,更有利于犯罪人的再社会化,使其顺利回归社会减少再犯罪的可能,进一步促进了社区和谐。我国2011年的《刑法修正案(八)》扩大了缓刑与假释的适用条件,2015年的《刑法修正案(九)》对许多原本属于治安违法的行为都进行了犯罪化处理,拓展了犯罪圈,增加了许多轻罪。然而传统的监禁刑已不能满足轻罪的大量增加,这就对我国现有的刑罚制度提出了严峻的要求。随着司法实践的不断发展,我国的社区矫正工作积累了丰富的经验以及人力、物力、财力,这就为社区服务刑引入我国后的有效执行提供了充足的保证。因此,我国应适时引入社区服务刑,并对其进行完善的立法设计。首先,社区服务刑引入我国后应将其定位为刑罚体系中的附加刑,以期待社区服务刑能够发挥其应有的优越性,弥补现阶段我国刑罚体系中的不足。其次,社区服务刑的劳动项目与执行场所应体现其公益性的本质,做到既对犯罪人进行惩罚的同时也有利于社区的发展。再次,应在刑法中对社区服务刑的适用对象与适用条件作出明确规定。社区服务刑的产生主要是为了减少短期自由刑的适用,它要求犯罪人在公开的社区环境中进行矫正,这就决定了社区服务刑的适用对象为轻微犯罪人,并要求其具有一定的劳动能力能够完成规定的服务项目。最后,对不完成社区服务刑规定内容的犯罪人法律应对其进行相应的惩罚,如情节较轻则对其发出警告或责令提供保证人缴纳保证金等,如情节较重则将其社区服务刑易科为监禁刑或罚金刑。期待社区服务刑在我国司法实践中能够取得良好效果。
[Abstract]:Community service penalty refers to the penalty method of non-imprisonment in the second half of the 20th century that the criminal is sentenced by the court to a certain amount of unpaid public labor for the public interest of the community under certain supervision and within a specified time. With the tide of judicial reform of non-punishment and non-imprisonment of crime in the international scope, countries have begun to look for penalty methods that can replace the traditional imprisonment, which is mainly manifested in the United Kingdom, the United States, and the United States. New penalties have emerged in countries such as Russia: community service or public service. On the basis of its powerful theory of reversion of the new society, the theory of penalty mitigation, the theory of socialization of execution, and the theory of criminal compensation, community service punishment has the unique superiority that the traditional penalty method does not possess. Because community service punishment is essentially a non-custodial penalty, it avoids many disadvantages of short-term imprisonment, blocks the spread of prison sub-culture, prevents the cross-infection between criminals, and saves a lot of judicial resources. The community service penalty requires the criminal to carry on the compulsory labor in the specific community, which not only improves the serving consciousness of the prisoners, but also makes the community people see their sincere repentance, which is more conducive to the re-socialization of the criminals. Make it return to society smoothly to reduce the possibility of reoffending, further promote community harmony. China's Criminal Law Amendment (8) in 2011 expanded the applicable conditions for probation and parole. In 2015, the Criminal Law Amendment (9) criminalized many acts that were originally classified as public security violations, thus expanding the criminal circle. Many misdemeanours have been added. However, the traditional penalty of imprisonment can not meet the large increase of misdemeanor, which puts forward a severe request to the existing penalty system of our country. With the development of judicial practice, the community correction in our country has accumulated rich experience, manpower, material resources and financial resources, which provides a sufficient guarantee for the effective implementation of community service punishment after the introduction of our country. Therefore, our country should timely introduce community service penalty, and perfect legislative design. First of all, the community service punishment should be defined as the supplementary punishment in the penalty system after it is introduced into our country, in order to expect the community service punishment to play its due superiority, to make up for the deficiency in the present penalty system of our country. Secondly, the labor project and execution place of community service penalty should embody its nature of public welfare, which can not only punish the criminal but also benefit the development of the community. Thirdly, the applicable object and applicable conditions of community service penalty should be clearly stipulated in the criminal law. The emergence of community service penalty is mainly to reduce the application of short-term free punishment, which requires the offender to correct in the open community environment, which determines the application of community service penalty for minor offenders. It is required to have a certain labor capacity to complete the prescribed service projects. Finally, the offender who fails to complete the provisions of the community service penalty should be punished accordingly, if the circumstances are less serious, he should be warned or ordered to provide the guarantor to pay a bond, etc. If the circumstances are more serious, their community service penalty as imprisonment or fine. Community service penalty is expected to achieve good results in our judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.8

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