命案侦查与防范若干问题探讨

发布时间：2018-06-11 11:31

本文选题：命案 + 命案侦查　；参考：《华中师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 古语曰：“人命关天”。古往今来,命案一直是所有案件的重心,它关系到最根本的人权——生命权,关系到人最切身利益。命案的发案率综合反映了一个国家或地区的社会治安状况,命案的破案率集中体现了公安侦查机关和侦查人员履行其保家卫国重要职责的质量和效率。要实现“命案必破”战略目标,必须将侦查和防范两个手段结合起来,两者不可偏废。新时期命案呈现新的特点,在总结命案侦查和防范的实践经验上,研究其中的规律,有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。命案根据不同的标准有不同类型,每个类型特点不一,相对应的侦查方式和防范策略也就不同。当前各级公安机关在命案侦查实践中逐步摸索出并建立起了一长双责、五长到案、快速反应、诸警联动、一案一评、破案重奖、经费保障等一系列保证命案能在短时间得到侦破的工作机制。但是这些机制的执行还需具体、有效的措施加以落实,如须建立健全现场勘查制度、现场分析研究会议汇报机制、命案侦查工作机制和执行制度,完善审讯程序,防止侦查人员以非法或不合理手段取证。命案侦查终究是一种事后的控制犯罪行为,要从根本上减少命案,必须有效结合事前的命案防范工作。命案防范研究,如今还是一个较全新的课题。我国命案防范不仅需要严厉打击城市犯罪行为,还需加大农村的治安防控力度；不仅需要注重保障犯罪嫌疑人或犯罪人的合法权益,也应重视侦查人员权益的保护；不仅需研究成年人命案防范规律,还可借鉴他国立法经验以未成年人为犯罪防范的主要对象；不仅应加大警力投入到命案防范工作,还可动员全社会各种力量共同参与,共同防范,形成“国家-社会-个人”的联动机制；不仅从法律措施上防范命案,更要借鉴日本等国经验重视文化的防范作用。只要我们树立命案可防的信心,坚定命案可防的决心,不断探索,及时总结,命案应当是可以减少发生的。本文根据当前命案侦查和防范研究的不足或争议性问题提出了以下一些重要观点：(1)应将法医工作与现场勘查紧密结合起来；(2)加大研究刑侦科技的力度以破译隐含信息；(3)不否定秘密侦查手段,但需正确使用秘密侦查方法；(4)关注侦查人员的心理调适工作,防止“过劳死”；(5)确认包含警察权在内的侦查权是一种司法权,不是行政权,尊重侦查权的独立性；(6)命案中未成年人的犯罪年龄应实际评价；(7)从博弈论的角度分析,通过降低犯罪人预期犯罪收益来防范犯罪。
[Abstract]:As the old saying goes, "one's life is of great importance to one's life." Throughout the ages, homicide has always been the focus of all cases, it relates to the most fundamental human rights-the right to life, the most vital interests of human beings. The occurrence rate of homicide cases comprehensively reflects the social security situation of a country or region, and the detection rate of homicide cases mainly reflects the quality and efficiency of the public security investigation organs and investigators in performing their important duties of defending their families. In order to realize the strategic goal of "murder must be solved", we must combine investigation and prevention, both of which can not be biased. In the new period, homicide cases present new characteristics. In summing up the practical experience of investigation and prevention of homicide cases, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the laws among them. There are different types of homicide cases according to different standards and different characteristics of each type. The corresponding investigation methods and preventive strategies are also different. At present, the public security organs at all levels have gradually groped out and established a long and double responsibility in the practice of homicide investigation, five long to the case, a quick reaction, the linkage of all police officers, one case, one evaluation, and one case solved with a heavy prize. Funds guarantee and a series of guarantee homicide cases can be solved in a short period of time working mechanism. However, the implementation of these mechanisms still needs concrete and effective measures to be implemented. For example, it is necessary to establish and improve the on-site investigation system, the reporting mechanism of on-site analysis and research conferences, the mechanism of investigation and execution of homicide cases, and the perfection of interrogation procedures. To prevent investigators from obtaining evidence by illegal or unreasonable means, homicide investigation is, after all, a kind of crime control after the fact. In order to reduce the homicide cases fundamentally, it is necessary to effectively combine the preventive work in advance. The study of homicide prevention is now a relatively new topic. The prevention of homicide cases in our country not only needs to crack down severely on urban crime, but also needs to strengthen the security prevention and control in rural areas, not only to protect the legitimate rights and interests of criminal suspects or perpetrators, but also to protect the rights and interests of investigators. It is necessary not only to study the law of adult homicide prevention, but also to draw lessons from the legislative experience of other countries, to take minors as the main object of crime prevention, not only to increase the involvement of police forces in the prevention of homicide cases, but also to mobilize all kinds of social forces to participate in the prevention of murder cases. Joint prevention, forming a "state-social-individual" linkage mechanism, not only from the legal measures to prevent homicide, but also to draw lessons from the experience of Japan and other countries to attach importance to the preventive role of culture. As long as we build up confidence that homicide cases can be prevented, strengthen our determination to prevent homicide cases, and constantly explore and summarize them in a timely manner, Homicide cases should be reduced. This paper puts forward the following important points of view according to the deficiencies or controversies of current homicide investigation and prevention research.) Forensic medical work should be closely combined with scene investigation. The strength of criminal investigation science and technology to decipher the implied information does not negate secret investigative techniques. However, it is necessary to use the secret investigation method correctly. (4) pay attention to the psychological adjustment of the investigators and prevent "overwork". (5) confirm that the investigation power, including the police power, is a judicial power, not an administrative power. Respect for the independence of the investigation right (6) the age of juvenile crime in the case of murder should be evaluated practically.) from the angle of game theory, the crime can be prevented by reducing the expected proceeds of crime.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D631.2

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