犯罪动机与人格

发布时间：2018-06-21 23:14

本文选题：犯罪性动机 + 需要　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 只有真正探索到犯罪人想从犯罪行为中得到什么时,我们才有可能把握犯罪人与犯罪心理的本质。对犯罪动机与犯罪性人格的研究正是这一探索努力的核心组成部分之一。犯罪动机是推动行为人实施犯罪行为的内部力量,包括“犯罪的动机”与“犯罪性动机”两个层面的理解(犯罪性动机居于核心地位)。犯罪动机作为犯罪人个性倾向性的因素之一,在犯罪心理结构中具有非常重要的价值,是犯罪心理学中居于核心地位的理论与对策系统。本文以社会生物学之“自私倾向说”为理论假设,试图论证犯罪动机与需要体系、社会文化与个体人格之间的密切关系;其形成模式表现为以缺失性需要为基本内容的需要在社会文化的作用下,通过模仿、角色认同、认知选择、自我强化等途径现实性地表达为直接性的犯罪动机与稳定化的犯罪性人格。动机理论的发展表现为本能需要论、诱因刺激论、强化理论、认知情感理论等,它们各具有科学性的要素,是从不同维度对人类行为动机的探索与分析;本文持辩证法与协同论的动机观点,以全面性地分析犯罪动机的结构(因素、成分与机制三个方面)、本质与特征。犯罪动机的价值表现为,通过犯罪动机之核心地位与作用,犯罪心理学必然成为法律心理学以及刑事一体化之理论与实证性的重要支持领域。犯罪动机受多种因素的决定。人的本能与需要是犯罪动机形成与发展的基础性来源,犯罪动机是优势需要在特定文化、规范作用下的直接反映。在此,以需要层次为基础,犯罪动机与生理需要、安全需要、归属需要、成就需要、自尊需要、认知需要、审美需要、自我实现需要之间存在着相对优势关系、层阶关系,并个体化地表征为具体的犯罪动机成分。其中无意识犯罪动机具有特殊性,在过失犯罪、未成年人犯罪、激情犯罪与变态性犯罪及群体犯罪中存在着一定成分、一定程度的无意识犯罪动机。犯罪动机受多种机制的决定。在自然人的社会化过程中,优势需要并不会自然地、直接地转化为犯罪动机;需要只是犯罪动机形成的起源,虽然它们是根本性的前提,但并不是必然的结果。个体所处的社会环境与文化力量必然地通过同化与顺应的心理机制发挥着作用。犯罪动机形成的个体机制涉及意识与无意识方面:模仿机制、交换机制、压力机制、期待机制、归因机制以及生理神经机制、防御机制等。在多种因素与多种机制的支配下,犯罪动机具体体现为生理成分(以生存本能、性本能、竞争本能与勇敢本能为代表)、行为成分(以犯罪诱因力、犯罪目标定向、犯罪行为习惯为代表)、认知成分(以犯罪目标价值、犯罪合理化、犯罪自我效能感、犯罪思维模式为代表)与情绪成分(以追求快乐、避免痛苦与情绪宣泄力为代表)等四个方面。犯罪动机与犯罪性人格本质上是一致的。持续作用的犯罪动机形成犯罪性人格;犯罪动机典型表征为犯罪性人格,是犯罪性人格的核心内容。犯罪动机并非生物基因在社会规范中的机械化表达,而是个体有意识自我的认知与情感的体现,犯罪性人格正是个体犯罪动机在认知与情感方面稳定性、发展性的身心组织。犯罪动机作为犯罪心理结构的重要力量,形成于犯罪行为之前。犯罪动机的存在并不必然导致犯罪行为,没有犯罪动机就不可能导致犯罪(对于绝大多数犯罪而言)。犯罪行为具有理智型与情感型两种类型模式,它们都具有道德、法律、人际关系、能力与特殊阻却力量。犯罪动机的存在并不是静态的。本文结合人格发展理论,阐述了犯罪动机在个体社会化过程中、在个体犯罪演化的不同阶段中的发展变化体现。本文以生物-社会文化-人格的协同模式,以整体人的观念理解犯罪动机的力量来源、结构模式、发展变化及其特殊性的表现;以此推论犯罪动机在刑事司法实践中体现为以关注犯罪人主体因素(需要体系、目标体系、自我控制体系等)为核心的人格刑法观念以及罪犯改造、罪犯回归之犯罪行为人中心的理性策略。
[Abstract]:Only when we really find out what the offender wants to get from the criminal act, it is possible for us to grasp the nature of the criminal and the criminal psychology. The research on the motive and the criminal personality is one of the core components of this exploration. The motive of the crime is the internal force to promote the behavior of the perpetrator to commit the crime, including the crime. The motivation of "motive" and "criminal motivation" are the two levels of understanding (the core status of criminal motivation). As one of the factors of the personality tendency of the criminal, the motive of the crime is of great value in the psychological structure of the criminal. It is the theory and countermeasure system of the core position in the criminal psychology. This article is based on the social biology. The theory of selfish inclination "is a theoretical hypothesis, trying to demonstrate the close relationship between the motive and demand system of the crime, the social culture and the individual personality, and its formation model is expressed as a realistic expression of the need for the lack of the need for the basic content, under the role of social culture, through imitation, role identification, cognitive selection, and self strengthening. Direct criminal motive and stable criminal personality.
The development of motivation theory is characterized by instinctive need theory, inducement theory, strengthening theory, cognitive emotion theory and so on. They have various scientific elements, and they are the exploration and analysis of human behavior motivation from different dimensions. In this paper, the motivation viewpoint of dialectics and synergism is held to analyze the structure of criminal motivation in a full face (factors, components and machines). Three aspects), the essence and the characteristic. The value of the criminal motive is expressed as the core position and function of the criminal motive, and the criminal psychology will inevitably become the important support field of the theory and the positivism of the legal psychology and the criminal integration.
The motive of the crime is determined by many factors. Human instinct and needs are the basic sources of the formation and development of the motive of the crime. The motive of the crime is the direct reflection of the advantage needs in the specific culture and the function of the norm. Here, the basis of the needs, the motive and the physiological needs of the crime, the need of security, the need of belonging, the need of achievement, the need of self-esteem, the cognition There is a relative superiority relationship between the needs, the needs of the aesthetic and the needs of self realization, the relationship between the layers, and the individualized surface sign as the specific motive component of the crime. Among them, the motive of the unconscious crime is special. There are certain components in the negligent crime, the juvenile delinquency, the passion crime and the abnormal crime and the group crime. The motive of the unconscious crime.
The motive of the crime is determined by various mechanisms. In the process of the socialization of natural people, the advantage needs not to be naturally and directly translated into the motive of the crime; the need is only the origin of the formation of the motive of the crime, although they are the fundamental premise, but not the inevitable result. The social environment and cultural strength of the individual are bound to be assimilated by assimilation. It plays a role in the psychological mechanism of adaptation. The individual mechanism of the formation of criminal motivation involves awareness and unconsciousness, such as imitative mechanism, exchange mechanism, pressure mechanism, expectation mechanism, attribution mechanism, physiological and neural mechanism, defense mechanism, etc.
Under the control of a variety of factors and various mechanisms, the motive of the crime is embodied in the physical component (with the survival instinct, the sexual instinct, the competitive instinct and the bravery instinct as the representative), the behavioral component (with the criminal inducement, the crime goal orientation, the criminal behavior habit as the representative), and the cognitive component (with the target value of the crime, the rationalization of the crime, the sense of self efficacy of the crime. " The criminal thinking pattern is represented by four aspects: emotional composition (pursuit of happiness, avoidance of pain and emotional catharsis).
The motive of the crime is in accordance with the nature of the criminal personality. The motive of the continuing action is a criminal personality; the motive of the crime is typical of the criminal personality and the core content of the criminal personality. The motive of the crime is not the mechanized expression of the biological gene in the social norms, but the embodiment of the cognition and emotion of the individual's conscious self. Criminal personality is the stability of individual motivation in cognition and emotion, and the developmental body and mind organization.
As an important force in the psychological structure of the crime, the motive of the crime is formed before the criminal act. The existence of the motive of the crime does not necessarily lead to the criminal behavior. Without the motive of the crime, it can not lead to the crime (for the vast majority of the crimes). The criminal act has two types of rational and emotional types, all of which have morality, law, and people. Interrelationship, ability and special resistance.
The existence of the motive of the crime is not static. This article, based on the theory of personality development, expounds the development and change of the crime motive in the process of individual socialization and in the different stages of the evolution of individual crime.
This paper, based on the cooperative model of biological social culture personality, understands the source of power, structure, development and particularity of the crime motive by the concept of the whole person, and deduce that the criminal motive is embodied in the criminal judicial practice as the core of the criminal's main factors (the system of need, the target system, the self control system, etc.) as the core. The concept of personality, criminal law and the rational strategy of criminals' transformation and the return of criminals to the center of crime.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D917.2

【参考文献】