南京国民政府时期警察教育研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 17:24

本文选题：南京国民政府 + 警察教育　；参考：《山东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 南京国民政府时期是我国警察教育发展的重要阶段。这一时期,南京国民政府建立了较为完备的警察教育制度,警察教育在政策制定、教育的层次和种类、课程设置、师资选聘等诸多方面进行了有益的探索与尝试,促进了中国近代警察教育的发展。近代意义上的警察教育在清末开始形成雏形,到民国初年已经有了一定的发展,在此基础上,到南京国民政府时期,警察教育有了进一步的发展,大致可以分为高级警察教育、中级警察教育、初级警察教育三个层次。就南京国民政府时期的高级警察教育而言,它大致可以分为高级警察养成教育和高级警察培训教育两个方面。该时期的高级警察教育在资金投入方面较之以往明显增多;坚持养成教育与在职警官培训教育相结合;警察教育的知识结构体系也较为完善,较之先前具有很大的进步性。但因诸多原因也存在一些不足之处。就南京国民政府时期的中级警察教育而言,中央警官学校成立之前的中级警察教育是由各省市的警官学校兴办的,在此过程中内政部对其进行了相关的政策指导,但各省市在具体的实施过程中表现出较大差异。而其中办理尤为出色的是浙江警官学校,该校无论在办学规模,还是办学水平等方面都成绩斐然,堪称中级警察教育中的一枝奇葩。中央警官学校成立后,中级警察教育权收归了中央警官学校,各省市仅有办理中级警察培训教育的权利,而实际上中央警官学校无论在该层次的警官养成教育方面还是警官培训教育方面都取得了较大成就,培训教育中的警官训练班、复员军官转警培训等最为典型。就南京国民政府时期的初级警察教育而言。在政策方面,抗战前,1935年的《警士警长教育规程》明确扩大了在各地推行警士教育的范围;提出了警士和警长应该施以不同的教育,并区别了各自的教育标准和教育内容;细分了警士和警长教育的种类。具有重要意义。抗战期间警察教育政策在注重警察类知识讲授的同时,更带上了浓郁的战时军事色彩。而在抗战后,一方面施行了警员教育、另一方面,内政部着力于长警素质的提高,对原有的警长警士教育的相关内容进行了修订。在实施方面,无论是学警教育、警长养成教育、警士警长常年教育都取得了一定的成绩,但是该层次的警察教育在资格、课程、待遇等方面都存在了一系列问题。南京国民政府时期出现了繁多的特殊警察,特殊警察教育的种类也因此得到发展。单就女警教育和外事警察教育而言,特定的条件促使它们在当时受到了较高的重视,也得到了一些政策的指导,并得到一定的实施,这展现了南京国民政府在推动特殊警察教育方面所做的努力,也对特殊警务的办理起了重大的推动作用。总体来看,在特定的历史条件下,南京国民政府时期的警察教育具有自身的特点,诸如重视警察教育立法,警察教育带有政治色彩,层次性与系统性密切结合等。同时,这一时期的警察教育在培养警察人才、推动警察教育近代化、推动特殊警察教育专业化等方面取得了不小的成就,但因为缺乏和平发展的环境以及统治者自身的局限,也存在一些不足,主要表现为警察教育的发展受到经费牵制、警察教育政策难以落实、过于浓厚的思想政治与军事色彩干扰了警察教育的健康发展等等。
[Abstract]:The period of Nanjing national government is an important stage for the development of police education in China. In this period, the national government of Nanjing established a relatively complete police education system. The police education has carried out beneficial exploration and attempt in many aspects, such as policy making, education level and type, curriculum setting, and the selection of teachers, which promoted the modern Chinese police education. The development of education.
In the late Qing Dynasty, police education began to form a prototype in the late Qing Dynasty. In the early years of the Republic of China, the police education had a certain development. On this basis, the police education had been further developed in the period of Nanjing's national government. It could be divided into three levels: senior police education, intermediate police education and primary police education.
As far as the senior police education in Nanjing's national government is concerned, it can be roughly divided into two aspects: advanced police education and senior police training education. The higher level police education in this period is more obvious in the capital investment than in the past; it is a combination of cultivating education with the training and education of police officers and the knowledge structure of police education. The system is also relatively perfect, which is much more progressive than before. However, there are still some shortcomings due to many reasons.
In terms of the intermediate police education in the period of Nanjing's national government, the intermediate police education before the establishment of the central police officer school was set up by the police officers School of various provinces and cities. In the process, the Ministry of internal affairs carried out the relevant policy guidance, but the provinces and cities showed great differences in the specific implementation process. It is the Zhejiang police officer school, which is a wonderful work in both the scale of school running and the level of running a school. It is a wonderful work in the middle level police education. After the establishment of the central police officer school, the middle police education right has been returned to the central police officer's school. The provinces and cities have only the right to train the intermediate police training and education. In fact, the central police officer school is in fact Great achievements have been made in the training and education of police officers at this level and in the training and education of police officers, the most typical of the training class in the training and education, the training of the demobilized officers to the police and so on.
In terms of the primary police education in the period of the national government of Nanjing, in terms of policy, before the war of resistance, the education regulations of the police chief of the police officer in 1935 clearly expanded the scope of the implementation of the education of the police in all parts of the country. It was proposed that the police and the chief of the police should give different education and distinguish their educational standards and educational contents, and subdivide the police and the sergeant. The kind of education is of great significance. During the period of the Anti Japanese War, the police education policy, while paying attention to the teaching of police knowledge, has brought a strong military color in wartime. On the one hand, the police education is carried out on the one hand after the war of resistance. On the other hand, the Ministry of the interior focuses on the improvement of the quality of the long police, and the related contents of the original police sergeant education have been repaired. In terms of implementation, no matter the school police education, the police chief education, the police sergeant perennial education has achieved certain achievements, but the level of police education in the qualifications, courses, treatment and other aspects of the existence of a series of problems.
In the period of the national government of Nanjing, there were a wide variety of special police, and the types of special police education have been developed. In terms of women police education and foreign police education, specific conditions prompted them to be highly valued at that time, also received some policy guidance, and got a certain implementation, which showed the civil affairs of Nanjing. The efforts made by the government in promoting special police education have also played a significant role in promoting the handling of special police affairs.
On the whole, under the specific historical conditions, the police education in the period of Nanjing's national government has its own characteristics, such as paying attention to the police education legislation, police education with political color, and the close combination of hierarchy and systematicness. At the same time, the police education in this period will foster police personnel, promote the modernization of police education, and promote special education. There are few achievements in the specialization of police education. However, because of the lack of peaceful development environment and the limitations of the rulers themselves, there are also some shortcomings. The main manifestation is that the development of police education is controlled by funds, the police education policy is difficult to be implemented, and the strong ideological and political and military colors interfere with the health of the police education. Health development and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D631.15

【引证文献】