刑事证据领域科技强侦研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 15:20

本文选题：刑事科学技术 + 科技强侦　；参考：《湖南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：“科技”特指刑事科学技术，是公安机关的刑事技术部门在刑事侦查活动中，按照刑事诉讼法的规定，运用现代科学技术的理论和方法，发现、记录、提取、识别和鉴定与刑事案件有关的各种物证、书证，为侦查、起诉、审判工作提供线索和证据的各种专门技术的总称。刑事科学技术是侦破刑事案件的重要手段，在公安工作中有着重要的地位和作用。科技强侦就是坚持刑事科学技术是第一破案力的思想，，牢固树立向刑事科学技术要战斗力的意识，把刑事科学技术摆在刑事案件侦破工作中的重要位置，通过刑事科学技术在刑侦工作中的广泛应用，提高刑侦部门的破案率、战斗力。随着信息化的发展，科学技术的突飞猛进以及法制保障的日益完善，面对越来越严峻的治安形势，面对犯罪分子的高科技犯罪手段，公安机关再靠过去的人海战术、手工操作、经验办案的传统刑事侦查模式已不能适应形势发展的需要。唯一的出路就是面对现实，立足现有，提高素质挖掘潜力，大力发展刑事科学技术，用先进的科学技术手段提高刑侦部门的整体战斗力，有效地打击犯罪，维护社会的稳定和繁荣。刑事科学技术主要包括：痕迹检验；刑事照相与录相；文件检验；理化检验；法医物证检验；DNA技术；测谎技术等。目前DNA技术主要存在的问题有生物物证提取人员素质不高、工作不够细心；生物物证容易被污染；采样的程序存在不合法情况；DNA鉴定过程中还受若干因素影响等。测谎技术主要存在的问题是缺少具体相关法律规定；测谎在不征得被测试人的同意时有侵犯人权的嫌疑；学界对测谎结论能否作为证据使用存在争议；测谎人员水平参差不齐；测谎仪使用要求限制了测谎技术在基层公安机关的推广等。文检技术存在的问题是缺少全国统一的鉴定程序规则和技术性标准；鉴定文书有待完善；笔迹检验未实现检验自动化；缺乏全国性的文件物质材料库。对以上DNA技术、测谎技术、文件检验工作中存在的问题深入分析，找出解决的办法，无疑对刑事科学技术的发展具有很强的借鉴作用和指导意义。
[Abstract]:"Science and technology" specifically refers to criminal science and technology. It refers to the criminal technical departments of public security organs in their criminal investigation activities, and in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal procedure Law, using the theories and methods of modern science and technology to discover, record and extract, The identification and identification of various physical evidence, documentary evidence, and various specialized techniques that provide clues and evidence for the investigation, prosecution, and trial of criminal cases. Criminal science and technology is an important means to solve criminal cases and plays an important role in public security work. Strengthening investigation by science and technology means insisting that criminal science and technology is the first power to solve a case, firmly establishing the consciousness of fighting capacity to criminal science and technology, and placing criminal science and technology in an important position in the work of criminal case detection. Through the extensive application of criminal science and technology in criminal investigation, the crime detection rate and combat effectiveness of criminal investigation department are improved. With the development of information technology, the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing perfection of the legal system, in the face of more and more severe public security situation, facing the high-tech criminal means of criminals, the public security organs rely on the past crowd tactics, manual operation, The traditional criminal investigation mode of experience can not meet the needs of the development of the situation. The only way out is to face the reality, base on the existing situation, improve the quality and tap the potential, vigorously develop criminal science and technology, use advanced scientific and technological means to improve the overall combat effectiveness of the criminal investigation department, and effectively crack down on crime. Maintain social stability and prosperity. Criminal science and technology mainly include: trace examination; criminal photography and video recording; document examination; physical and chemical examination; forensic physical evidence testing; DNA technology; lie detection technology. At present, the main problems of DNA technology are that the quality of the biological evidence extractor is not high, the work is not careful enough, the biological material evidence is liable to be contaminated, the sampling procedure is illegal and the process of DNA identification is still affected by a number of factors, etc. The main problems of lie detection technology are lack of specific relevant laws and regulations; lie detection is suspected of violating human rights without the consent of the subjects; academic circles have disputes about whether the conclusions can be used as evidence; the level of lie-detector personnel is not uniform; The application requirements of polygraph restrict the popularization of lie detection technology in basic public security organs. The problems of document inspection technology are the lack of national uniform identification procedure rules and technical standards; the identification documents need to be improved; the handwriting inspection does not realize the automation of inspection; and the lack of a nationwide document material library. To the above DNA technology, lie detection technology, document inspection work in depth analysis of the existing problems, find out the solution, no doubt for the development of criminal science and technology has a strong reference and guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D918

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