户籍制度改革探究
发布时间：2018-08-08 13:42
【摘要】： 户籍制度本指户籍管理制度,是政府职能部门对所辖居民的基本状况进行登记,同时进行一些相关事项管理的国家行政管理制度之一。其基本功能即为证明公民的身份,提供人口管理资料和方便社会治安的管理。中国的户籍制度已经有几千年的历史,每一个时期的户籍管理又与当时的政治形态相紧密联系。新中国成立以后,建立了中国特色的户籍管理体系。从自由迁徙时期到限制迁徙时期,直至90年代以后的逐渐开放时期；从完全自由的流动到城乡隔离的“二元户籍制”,充分反映了新中国成立以后老百姓的生活变化。虽然只有短短几十年的历史,但却在众多的人的心中刻下了深深的烙印——“城里人”和“乡下人”。告别了票证的年代,终于大家可以自由的买到所需的物品了,但摘不掉的依然是城里人对乡下人的歧视和白眼。 二元的户籍制度让城市人之外的人不能拥有同等的就业、教育、医疗的机会。二元的户籍制度可以让城里人高枕无忧的享受着城市的福利待遇。可是作为一个新兴的社会主义国家而言,我们应看到,城里人享受的福利待遇却牺牲了多少乡下人的同等权利。我们革命的初衷是什么,邓小平同志曾大胆的提出了社会主义的本质就是“解放生产力,发展生产力,消灭阶级,消除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕”。他老人家也曾提出“分三步走”的宏伟规划。而今,当这三步走计划已基本实现时,我们却发现这只是城里人的生活改善了,还有更多的现实的、严峻的问题等待解决。现有的二元户籍制度首先让我们看到的弊端即封闭了农村人口自由流到城市的道路,造成了严重的城乡人口失衡,严重地阻碍了城市化进程；其次,二元户籍制度严重限制了公民的自由迁徙权利,违背了劳动变换的自然规律,人为的限制了公民的迁徙、居住和择业的权利；再次,二元户籍制度伤害了公民的心理情感。它使得在一少部分人得到权利的代价是让很多人失去享有身份平等、地位平等和争取机会平等的权利。 本文通过研究提出实行公民证制度,顺应社会发展趋势、顺应数字化发展的要求,城市化发展进程及人口流动趋势,从以“户”管理为中心转变为以“人”管理为中心；从以静态管理方式转变为以“静”制“动”的管理方式。通过建立公民证制度,发挥其统一性、平等性、自由性、准确性、和唯一性的特点,以公民证取代居民身份证,以公民证书取代居民户口簿,以动态信息变动取代户口迁移制度。通过推行土地承包合同制改革、教育制度改革、建立统一的社会保障体制和统一的劳动力市场,以及推进计划生育制度的改革,逐渐取消不合理的人口管理制度,剥离掉附加在户口上的各种社会利益,形成了城乡统一的人口管理制度,彻底解决流动人口的管理难题,从而节省行政办事成本,提高社会治安还击功能的防控能力。
[Abstract]:The household registration system, which refers to the household registration management system, is one of the state administrative systems for the registration of the basic conditions of the residents under the jurisdiction of the government functional departments and for the management of some related matters at the same time. Its basic function is to prove the identity of the citizen, to provide the information of population management and to facilitate the management of public security. The household registration system in China has a history of several thousand years, and the household registration management in each period is closely related to the political form at that time. After the founding of New China, the establishment of Chinese characteristics of household registration management system. From the period of free migration to the period of restricted migration until the gradual opening period after the 1990s, and from the completely free flow to the "dual household registration system" which is isolated from urban and rural areas, it fully reflects the life changes of the common people after the founding of New China. Although only a few decades of history, but in the hearts of many people engraved a deep brand-"city people" and "country people." Farewell to the vote of the era, finally we can freely buy the necessary goods, but can not be picked is still the city people against the countryside and white eyes. The dual household registration system prevents people outside the city from having equal access to employment, education, and health care. Dual household registration system allows urban residents to enjoy the city's welfare. But as a new socialist country, we should see how many equal rights of countrymen have been sacrificed to the welfare of city people. What is the original intention of our revolution? comrade Deng Xiaoping boldly put forward that the essence of socialism is "liberating productive forces, developing productive forces, eliminating class, eliminating polarization, and finally achieving common prosperity". He also put forward a grand plan of "three steps." Now, when this three-step plan has been largely realized, we find that it is only an improvement in the lives of people living in the city, and there are more realistic, serious problems to be solved. The existing dual household registration system first of all let us see the drawbacks, that is, closed the free flow of rural population to the city, resulting in a serious urban and rural population imbalance, seriously hindered the process of urbanization; second, Dual household registration system severely limits citizens' right to freedom of movement, violates the natural law of labor transformation, and artificially limits citizens' rights to migrate, live and choose jobs. Thirdly, dual household registration system hurts citizens' psychological feelings. It costs a small number of people rights at the expense of many people's rights to equality of identity, equality of status and equality of opportunity. Based on the research, this paper puts forward the practice of citizenship certificate system, conforming to the trend of social development and the requirement of digital development, the process of urbanization and the trend of population flow, changing from "household" management to "human" management. From a static management mode to a "static" system of "action" management mode. Through the establishment of a citizenship card system to give play to its characteristics of unity, equality, freedom, accuracy and uniqueness, citizens' certificates are used to replace resident identity cards and citizen certificates to replace household registration books. To replace the hukou transfer system with dynamic information change. Through the implementation of the land contract system reform, the reform of the education system, the establishment of a unified social security system and a unified labour market, and the promotion of the reform of the family planning system, the unreasonable population management system has been gradually abolished. By stripping off all kinds of social benefits attached to the household registration, the unified population management system between urban and rural areas has been formed, and the management problems of floating population have been solved thoroughly, thus saving the administrative work cost and improving the ability of prevention and control of the function of public security fighting back fire.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D631.42
本文编号：2171960
[Abstract]:The household registration system, which refers to the household registration management system, is one of the state administrative systems for the registration of the basic conditions of the residents under the jurisdiction of the government functional departments and for the management of some related matters at the same time. Its basic function is to prove the identity of the citizen, to provide the information of population management and to facilitate the management of public security. The household registration system in China has a history of several thousand years, and the household registration management in each period is closely related to the political form at that time. After the founding of New China, the establishment of Chinese characteristics of household registration management system. From the period of free migration to the period of restricted migration until the gradual opening period after the 1990s, and from the completely free flow to the "dual household registration system" which is isolated from urban and rural areas, it fully reflects the life changes of the common people after the founding of New China. Although only a few decades of history, but in the hearts of many people engraved a deep brand-"city people" and "country people." Farewell to the vote of the era, finally we can freely buy the necessary goods, but can not be picked is still the city people against the countryside and white eyes. The dual household registration system prevents people outside the city from having equal access to employment, education, and health care. Dual household registration system allows urban residents to enjoy the city's welfare. But as a new socialist country, we should see how many equal rights of countrymen have been sacrificed to the welfare of city people. What is the original intention of our revolution? comrade Deng Xiaoping boldly put forward that the essence of socialism is "liberating productive forces, developing productive forces, eliminating class, eliminating polarization, and finally achieving common prosperity". He also put forward a grand plan of "three steps." Now, when this three-step plan has been largely realized, we find that it is only an improvement in the lives of people living in the city, and there are more realistic, serious problems to be solved. The existing dual household registration system first of all let us see the drawbacks, that is, closed the free flow of rural population to the city, resulting in a serious urban and rural population imbalance, seriously hindered the process of urbanization; second, Dual household registration system severely limits citizens' right to freedom of movement, violates the natural law of labor transformation, and artificially limits citizens' rights to migrate, live and choose jobs. Thirdly, dual household registration system hurts citizens' psychological feelings. It costs a small number of people rights at the expense of many people's rights to equality of identity, equality of status and equality of opportunity. Based on the research, this paper puts forward the practice of citizenship certificate system, conforming to the trend of social development and the requirement of digital development, the process of urbanization and the trend of population flow, changing from "household" management to "human" management. From a static management mode to a "static" system of "action" management mode. Through the establishment of a citizenship card system to give play to its characteristics of unity, equality, freedom, accuracy and uniqueness, citizens' certificates are used to replace resident identity cards and citizen certificates to replace household registration books. To replace the hukou transfer system with dynamic information change. Through the implementation of the land contract system reform, the reform of the education system, the establishment of a unified social security system and a unified labour market, and the promotion of the reform of the family planning system, the unreasonable population management system has been gradually abolished. By stripping off all kinds of social benefits attached to the household registration, the unified population management system between urban and rural areas has been formed, and the management problems of floating population have been solved thoroughly, thus saving the administrative work cost and improving the ability of prevention and control of the function of public security fighting back fire.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D631.42
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 田丽君;城市化进程中户籍管理一元化研究[D];陕西师范大学;2012年
，本文编号：2171960
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