户籍制度对公民基本权利的损害及反思

发布时间：2018-08-11 19:01

【摘要】：20世纪50年代初期为了限制人口的自由流动,户籍是粮食、工作机会、医疗、住房、养老等福利措施的分配依据。在城乡二元结构的社会背景之下,不同类型和区域的户籍所包含的劳动机会和福利措施存在较大差异,从而直接损害了公民的劳动权、社会保障权和受教育权。我国作为《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》和《儿童权利公约》的缔约国,应当在立法上积极纳入或转化公约的禁止歧视原则,将户籍歧视列为构成歧视的法定事由,建立户籍歧视的民事法律责任制度,为公民提供民事救济途径,在法律层面明确政府内部的给付责任分担机制,剥离户籍的公共资源分配职能。
[Abstract]:In the early 1950s, in order to limit the free movement of the population, household registration was the basis for the distribution of welfare measures such as food, job opportunities, medical care, housing, old-age care, and so on. Under the social background of urban-rural dual structure, there are great differences in labor opportunities and welfare measures in different types and regions of household registration, which directly damages citizens' right to work, social security and education. As a State party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, China should actively incorporate or transform the principle of prohibition of discrimination in the Convention on the Rights of the Child in its legislation, and include discrimination in the household registration as a statutory cause of discrimination. To establish the civil liability system of household registration discrimination, to provide civil remedies for citizens, to clarify the mechanism of sharing the responsibility for payment within the government at the legal level, and to divest the public resource distribution function of household registration.
【作者单位】：华南农业大学人文与法学学院;广东省高级人民法院;
【基金】：中国法学会2015年度部级课题《国际人权公约视域下的我国儿童福利立法研究》(CLS(2015)D149) 广东省哲学社会科学“十二五”规划2015年度项目《我国儿童福利立法研究》(GD15CFX05)
【分类号】：D631.42;D921

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