我国司法鉴定体制改革问题研究
发布时间：2018-10-10 16:11
【摘要】：随着社会的发展和科技的进步,司法鉴定的应用也越来越广泛,其作用日益受到人们的重视。由于历史以及现实中的诸多因素,我国传统的司法鉴定体制在工作中暴露出了越来越多的问题。近年来我国的法制建设取得了很大进展,关于司法鉴定制度的规制和管理也日趋完善,尤其是《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》的出台,更是司法鉴定制度改革方面的里程碑,是司法体制改革的阶段性重要成果,对于我国延续几十年的旧的司法鉴定体制是一项突破性的革新。但同时我们也认识到,司法鉴定体制的改革和完善是一个复杂的系统工程，《决定》的出台只是迈出了改革创新的第一步,我国司法鉴定体制仍存在诸多弊端,其规范化、权威性等都亟待提高和完善,这对于提高司法鉴定的公信力,切实保障当事人的合法权益,构建和谐社会实现公平正义具有十分重要的意义。本文笔者以理论研究为基础,结合法院司法鉴定工作实际，，同时兼用比较分析的方法,对我国司法鉴定体制的改革进行研究,并提出完善司法鉴定体制的几点浅显构想。 论文主要包括四部分内容。第一部分对我国司法鉴定体制的一般考察,阐述了司法鉴定的概念,司法鉴定法律性、中立性、科学性、主观性的属性,、考察了我国司法鉴定制度的发展过程；对我国司法鉴定机构的设置、种类和性质进行了分析；对我国司法鉴定人的角色定位进行了界定；对司法鉴定结论的证据属性现状进行了分析。第二部分重点从鉴定人资质和诉讼地位、司法鉴定的启动程序、司法鉴定的管理体制等方面对两大法系的司法鉴定体制进行比较分析,为我国的司法鉴定体制的完善提供有益的借鉴。第三部分分析了我国司法鉴定体制的现状和存在的问题,阐述了《决定》出台前我国司法鉴定体制的状况,肯定了《决定》对我国司法鉴定体制的改进,同时指出统一的司法鉴定管理体制还未完全形成、多头鉴定重复鉴定的情形依然大量存在、社会鉴定机构还不适应司法鉴定体制整体要求、司法鉴定程序有待完善,并对存在的问题原因进行了分析。第四部分提出了完善我国司法鉴定体制的几点构想,重点是构建统一的分级司法鉴定体制,完善司法鉴定机构资质认证制度,建立鉴定机构执业能力评估体系，提高鉴定机构的执业能力,严格鉴定人准入机制,创新鉴定人管理制度,完善司法鉴定程序。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the application of forensic expertise is becoming more and more extensive. Because of many factors in history and reality, more and more problems have been exposed in the traditional judicial appraisal system in our country. In recent years, great progress has been made in the construction of the legal system in our country, and the regulation and management of the system of judicial expertise have become more and more perfect, especially the decision of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress on the management of judicial expertise. It is also a milestone in the reform of the judicial expertise system and an important achievement in the reform of the judicial system. It is a breakthrough innovation for the old judicial expertise system which continues for several decades in our country. But at the same time, we also realize that the reform and perfection of the judicial expertise system is a complex system engineering, the introduction of "decision" is only the first step of reform and innovation, and there are still many drawbacks and standardization of the judicial expertise system in our country. The authority needs to be improved and perfected urgently, which is of great significance to improve the credibility of judicial expertise, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and build a harmonious society to realize fairness and justice. On the basis of theoretical research, combined with the practice of judicial expertise in court and the method of comparative analysis, the author studies the reform of judicial expertise system in China, and puts forward some simple ideas to perfect the judicial expertise system. The thesis mainly includes four parts. The first part of the general investigation of the system of judicial expertise in China, elaborated the concept of judicial expertise, judicial identification of the legal, neutral, scientific, subjective attributes, the investigation of the development of the system of judicial identification process; This paper analyzes the establishment, types and properties of the judicial expertise institutions in China; defines the role of judicial experts in our country; and analyzes the present situation of the evidence attributes of the conclusions of judicial expertise. The second part focuses on the comparative analysis of the judicial identification systems of the two legal systems from the aspects of the qualification of experts and the status of litigation, the initiation procedure of judicial expertise, the administrative system of judicial identification, etc. To provide useful reference for the perfection of judicial expertise system in our country. The third part analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the judicial expertise system in China, expounds the status of the judicial expertise system before the "decision", and affirms the improvement of the judicial expertise system in China by the "decision". At the same time, it is pointed out that the unified management system of judicial expertise has not yet been fully formed, the situation of multiple identification and repeated identification still exists in large numbers, the social appraisal institutions do not meet the overall requirements of the judicial identification system, and the procedure of judicial identification needs to be improved. The causes of the problems are analyzed. The fourth part puts forward several ideas to perfect our country's judicial appraisal system. The emphasis is to construct a unified hierarchical judicial identification system, perfect the qualification certification system of judicial identification institutions, and establish an evaluation system of the professional competence of appraisal institutions. We should improve the professional ability of appraisal institutions, strictly enforce the admission mechanism of experts, innovate the management system of experts, and perfect the procedure of judicial identification.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D918.9
本文编号：2262420
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the application of forensic expertise is becoming more and more extensive. Because of many factors in history and reality, more and more problems have been exposed in the traditional judicial appraisal system in our country. In recent years, great progress has been made in the construction of the legal system in our country, and the regulation and management of the system of judicial expertise have become more and more perfect, especially the decision of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress on the management of judicial expertise. It is also a milestone in the reform of the judicial expertise system and an important achievement in the reform of the judicial system. It is a breakthrough innovation for the old judicial expertise system which continues for several decades in our country. But at the same time, we also realize that the reform and perfection of the judicial expertise system is a complex system engineering, the introduction of "decision" is only the first step of reform and innovation, and there are still many drawbacks and standardization of the judicial expertise system in our country. The authority needs to be improved and perfected urgently, which is of great significance to improve the credibility of judicial expertise, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and build a harmonious society to realize fairness and justice. On the basis of theoretical research, combined with the practice of judicial expertise in court and the method of comparative analysis, the author studies the reform of judicial expertise system in China, and puts forward some simple ideas to perfect the judicial expertise system. The thesis mainly includes four parts. The first part of the general investigation of the system of judicial expertise in China, elaborated the concept of judicial expertise, judicial identification of the legal, neutral, scientific, subjective attributes, the investigation of the development of the system of judicial identification process; This paper analyzes the establishment, types and properties of the judicial expertise institutions in China; defines the role of judicial experts in our country; and analyzes the present situation of the evidence attributes of the conclusions of judicial expertise. The second part focuses on the comparative analysis of the judicial identification systems of the two legal systems from the aspects of the qualification of experts and the status of litigation, the initiation procedure of judicial expertise, the administrative system of judicial identification, etc. To provide useful reference for the perfection of judicial expertise system in our country. The third part analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the judicial expertise system in China, expounds the status of the judicial expertise system before the "decision", and affirms the improvement of the judicial expertise system in China by the "decision". At the same time, it is pointed out that the unified management system of judicial expertise has not yet been fully formed, the situation of multiple identification and repeated identification still exists in large numbers, the social appraisal institutions do not meet the overall requirements of the judicial identification system, and the procedure of judicial identification needs to be improved. The causes of the problems are analyzed. The fourth part puts forward several ideas to perfect our country's judicial appraisal system. The emphasis is to construct a unified hierarchical judicial identification system, perfect the qualification certification system of judicial identification institutions, and establish an evaluation system of the professional competence of appraisal institutions. We should improve the professional ability of appraisal institutions, strictly enforce the admission mechanism of experts, innovate the management system of experts, and perfect the procedure of judicial identification.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D918.9
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