试论管制犯社区矫正的缺陷与完善

发布时间：2018-10-13 11:50

【摘要】： 管制犯社区矫正是我国社区矫正试点中的一项重要内容,鉴于管制犯犯罪情节轻微、人身危险性较小及社区矫正符合国际刑罚轻刑化的趋势,因此管制犯社区矫正应该在社区矫正试点中着重认真推行,从而发现问题、积累经验,为以后大规模推广打下基础。但是,试点过程中暴露出的很多问题值得我们关注和思考。其一、作为管制犯社区矫正唯一权威依据的法律文件----最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部和司法部联合发布《关于开展社区矫正试点工作的通知》存在法律上的瑕疵,不宜大规模长时间适用,因此管制犯社区矫正的法律依据亟待完善；其二、具体矫正工作中也存在很多亟待解决的问题,例如专业监管机构缺乏、管制犯社区矫正工作人员严重匮乏且现有人员素质不高、矫正工作中心理矫正缺失、社区居民未有效参与以及矫正过程中公益劳动的合法性值得商榷等。当然在试点阶段存在以上问题也是正常的,因为试点的目的就是要发现问题并加以完善。针对我国管制犯社区矫正中暴露的缺陷,笔者提出以下完善的设想：第一、着手管制犯社区矫正的立法工作,从而明确法律依据及执行主体等存在争议、悬而未决的问题；第二、完善社区矫正管制犯权利诉求渠道,从而避免矫正过程中矫正工作人员对其人权的侵犯；第三、增加违反监管的惩处力度,从而弥补以往对违反监管的管制犯惩罚不力的漏洞；第四、针对管制犯在整个社区矫正体系中相对数量较少的现状,在社区矫正中实施“一对一”个性化社区矫正方案,通过一系列的流程设计,真正使管制犯在社区矫正中重新实现社会化,达到制度设计者意欲达到的目的；第五、引入管制犯社区矫正的相关辅助制度,例如规范引入社区志愿者参与管制犯社区矫正,适当提高志愿者门槛；引入并强化社区服务内容,使管制犯在社区服务中反省自身行为,并将其作为评价其矫正期间表现的一个重要考核内容；完善管制犯社区矫正的评估监督机制,完善的监督评估机制是实现矫正效果的重要保障,因此监督评估机制的完善对于实现管制犯社区矫正的目的及司法资源的节约意义重大而深远。
[Abstract]:Community correction of controlled offenders is an important part of community correction in our country. In view of the minor circumstances of crime, the less personal danger and the trend of light punishment in international punishment, community correction is in line with the trend of international punishment. Therefore, community correction of prisoners should be carried out seriously in the community correction pilot project, so as to find problems, accumulate experience and lay a foundation for large-scale popularization in the future. However, the pilot process exposed a lot of problems worthy of our attention and thinking. First, the legal documents that are the sole authoritative basis for community correction for the prisoners-the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the Circular on the pilot work of Community Correction, which contains legal flaws. It is not suitable for large-scale and long-term application. Therefore, the legal basis for community correction of offenders needs to be improved urgently. Secondly, there are many problems to be solved in the specific rectification work, such as the lack of professional supervision agencies. There is a serious shortage of community correction staff and the quality of the existing staff is not high, the mental correction is missing, the community residents do not participate effectively and the legitimacy of the public welfare labor in the correction process is open to question and so on. Of course, the existence of these problems in the pilot phase is normal, because the purpose of the pilot is to find the problem and improve it. In view of the defects exposed in the community correction of the regulated offenders in our country, the author puts forward the following perfect ideas: first, to start the legislative work of community correction of the control offenders, so as to make clear the legal basis and the main body of execution, etc. Second, improve the channel of community correction control offenders' rights, so as to avoid rectifying staff members' violation of their human rights in the process of correction; third, increase the punishment for violations of supervision. In order to make up for the loopholes in the punishment of the offenders who violate the supervision in the past; fourth, in view of the relatively small number of the control criminals in the whole community correction system, implement the "one-to-one" individualized community correction program in the community correction. Through a series of process design, the real control offenders in community correction in order to re-socialize, achieve the purpose that the system designer intended to achieve; fifthly, the introduction of community correction of control offenders related to the auxiliary system, For example, introducing community volunteers to participate in community correction, raising the threshold of volunteers properly, introducing and strengthening the content of community service, enabling the controller to reflect on his own behavior in community service, And regard it as an important assessment content to evaluate its performance during the period of correction, perfect the evaluation and supervision mechanism of community correction of the regulated offenders, perfect the supervision and evaluation mechanism is the important guarantee to realize the correction effect. Therefore, the improvement of supervision and evaluation mechanism is of great significance for realizing the purpose of community correction and the saving of judicial resources.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D926.8

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