出土秦汉户籍简的类别及登记内容的演变

发布时间：2018-10-17 09:50

【摘要】：里耶户籍简的著录沿袭的是秦献公创制户籍制度以来的旧制,登记内容并不包括年龄、财产之类的内容。秦王政十六年(前231)"初令男子书年"以后,男子以及家口的年龄始书于户籍以外的"年籍",即张家山汉简《户律》的"年细籍"。汉初的"户籍"可分为广义的户籍(包括宅园户籍、年细籍、田比地籍、田命籍、田租籍)和狭义的户籍(宅园户籍)两大类。其中,"宅园户籍"登录的内容包括户主及家庭人口、奴婢以及房屋、家畜等,但不包括田地,属于家口与财产的合籍。秦及汉初国家在乡里设置平行的两套管理机构乡部和田部,这是造成户籍类别繁复的原因之一。汉武帝以后,乡里职事从简,田部省置,宅园户籍与年细籍合并,户籍开始作为一个整词应用,即狭义上的户籍。
[Abstract]:The description of the household registration slips follows the old system since Qin Xiangong founded the household registration system, and the registration content does not include the contents of age, property and so on. After 16 years (231 years ago), the age of the men and their families began to be written in the years other than the household register, that is, the "year book" of Zhang Jiashan's Han bamboo slips. At the beginning of Han Dynasty, the household registration can be divided into two categories: the household registration in the broad sense (including the residence register, the year register, the Tianbi cadastre, the Tian life register, the farmland rent register) and the narrow household register (the residence garden household register). Among them, the contents of the register include the head of household and the family population, slaves, houses and livestock, but not fields, belonging to the family and property. Qin and the early Han Dynasty set up two sets of parallel management agencies in the countryside, rural and farmland, which is one of the reasons for the complicated household registration category. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the village office was simplified, the ministry of farmland was set up, the residence register was merged with the year register, and the household registration began to be used as a whole word, that is, the household registration in the narrow sense.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“汉代的户等与赋役制度研究”(10YJA770052)
【分类号】：D631.42

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