元明时期法医学文献整理研究
发布时间：2018-10-22 14:06
【摘要】： 法医学是应用医学与自然科学的理论与技术,研究并解决法律上有关医学问题的一门医学学科。法医学的诞生离不开法律的产生,法医学的生存和发展依赖于法律的健全和发展。 我国古代法医学具有悠久的历史和辉煌的成就,曾受到世界各国法医学者的重视。据现存的文献记载,我国是世界上开创法医学最早的国家。尤其至宋代,已发展到了一个非常辉煌的时期,作出了卓越的贡献。元明时期的法医学,虽未突破宋朝的成就,但无论在检验制度还是法医学著作方面都有所发展和创新。元朝极为重视法医检验,在元朝初期便颁布了检验法令,将验尸官验尸改为验尸官亲临现场,由仵作验尸。此外,还颁布了验尸文件,由主管机关印发后,发往各地州县,在检验中依式填写。可见,法医检验制度在元朝已越来越倾向于法令化了。《结案式》是世界上第一个同时提到现代法医学三大组成部分的文献,为现代法医学研究领域的雏形。同时它也是对中国古代法医学实践发展进行的一次总结。其中记载了许多有价值的检验报告。王与所撰《无冤录》是在《洗冤集录》的基础上,对尸体外表检验经验的进一步总结,弥补了《洗冤集录》的某些不足,进一步发展了法医学理论,并成为朝鲜与日本的检验参考专著,在中外文化交流上作出了杰出贡献。明代则确定了三种死亡新法,并且建立从活体检查到尸体检查的程序等。 但目前对元明时期法医学的研究仍是国内外法医学史研究中一个相对薄弱的环节,尤其是在研究者为数有限,史料又不易读懂的情况下,系统地研究和阐述元明时期法医学的论著更是寥寥无几。鉴于此,笔者在本文回顾了我国古代法医学的诞生、发展历程后,重点对元明时期的检验制度、法医学著作、法医学家以及对清代的影响等作了详细的介绍,以此丰富这一研究领域。
[Abstract]:Forensic medicine is a medical discipline which applies the theory and technology of medicine and natural science to study and solve the legal medical problems. The birth of forensic science can not be separated from the production of law. The survival and development of forensic science depend on the perfection and development of law. Forensic medicine in ancient China has a long history and brilliant achievements, which has been paid attention by forensic scholars all over the world. According to the existing literature, our country is the earliest country to create forensic science in the world. Especially to the Song Dynasty, has developed to a very brilliant period, has made outstanding contributions. Although forensic medicine in Yuan and Ming dynasties did not break through the achievements of Song Dynasty, it developed and innovated both in the examination system and in the works of forensic medicine. The Yuan Dynasty attached great importance to forensic examination. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the coroner's post-mortem examination was changed into a coroner's visit to the scene, and the coroner was the coroner. In addition, post-mortem documents were issued and issued by the competent authorities and sent to all states and counties to fill in the examination. It can be seen that the forensic examination system has become more and more legalized in Yuan Dynasty. The "closed case" is the first document in the world to mention the three major components of modern forensic medicine at the same time, and it is the embryonic form of the field of modern forensic medicine research. At the same time, it is a summary of the development of forensic medicine in ancient China. Many valuable inspection reports are recorded. Wang and his book "No injustice record" is a further summary of the experience in the examination of the appearance of the corpse on the basis of the Collection of Remembrance of grievances, which makes up some of the deficiencies of the Collection of Remembrance and further develops the theory of forensic medicine. It has become a reference monographs of Korea and Japan, and has made outstanding contributions to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In Ming Dynasty, three new methods of death were established, and procedures from living examination to corpse examination were established. However, the study of forensic medicine in Yuan and Ming dynasties is still a relatively weak link in the study of forensic history at home and abroad, especially when the number of researchers is limited and the historical data are difficult to understand. Systematic research and elaboration of the Yuan and Ming dynasties forensic literature is very few. In view of this, after reviewing the birth and development of ancient forensic medicine in China, the author gives a detailed introduction to the inspection system of Yuan and Ming dynasties, the works of forensic medicine, forensic scientists and the influence on the Qing Dynasty. This enriches the field of research.
【学位授予单位】：贵阳中医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929;D919
本文编号：2287360
[Abstract]:Forensic medicine is a medical discipline which applies the theory and technology of medicine and natural science to study and solve the legal medical problems. The birth of forensic science can not be separated from the production of law. The survival and development of forensic science depend on the perfection and development of law. Forensic medicine in ancient China has a long history and brilliant achievements, which has been paid attention by forensic scholars all over the world. According to the existing literature, our country is the earliest country to create forensic science in the world. Especially to the Song Dynasty, has developed to a very brilliant period, has made outstanding contributions. Although forensic medicine in Yuan and Ming dynasties did not break through the achievements of Song Dynasty, it developed and innovated both in the examination system and in the works of forensic medicine. The Yuan Dynasty attached great importance to forensic examination. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the coroner's post-mortem examination was changed into a coroner's visit to the scene, and the coroner was the coroner. In addition, post-mortem documents were issued and issued by the competent authorities and sent to all states and counties to fill in the examination. It can be seen that the forensic examination system has become more and more legalized in Yuan Dynasty. The "closed case" is the first document in the world to mention the three major components of modern forensic medicine at the same time, and it is the embryonic form of the field of modern forensic medicine research. At the same time, it is a summary of the development of forensic medicine in ancient China. Many valuable inspection reports are recorded. Wang and his book "No injustice record" is a further summary of the experience in the examination of the appearance of the corpse on the basis of the Collection of Remembrance of grievances, which makes up some of the deficiencies of the Collection of Remembrance and further develops the theory of forensic medicine. It has become a reference monographs of Korea and Japan, and has made outstanding contributions to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In Ming Dynasty, three new methods of death were established, and procedures from living examination to corpse examination were established. However, the study of forensic medicine in Yuan and Ming dynasties is still a relatively weak link in the study of forensic history at home and abroad, especially when the number of researchers is limited and the historical data are difficult to understand. Systematic research and elaboration of the Yuan and Ming dynasties forensic literature is very few. In view of this, after reviewing the birth and development of ancient forensic medicine in China, the author gives a detailed introduction to the inspection system of Yuan and Ming dynasties, the works of forensic medicine, forensic scientists and the influence on the Qing Dynasty. This enriches the field of research.
【学位授予单位】：贵阳中医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929;D919
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