司法鉴定结论分歧的解决方式与完善措施

发布时间：2018-11-22 19:54

【摘要】： 司法鉴定结论作为法定证据之一,对各类案件的裁决具有重要、乃至决定性的影响。随着社会生活的日趋复杂化和科技化,现代诉讼中需要专业人员进行司法鉴定的问题也越来越多,鉴定在诉讼中的地位和作用也日益突出。科学公正的鉴定是保障诉讼民主、科学、公正、文明的需要。但是,由于司法鉴定活动本身的特性及我国当前弊端诸现的司法鉴定体制,司法鉴定并不总能满足诉讼的需要,其中一个非常重要的表现就是司法鉴定结论分歧的大量出现。司法鉴定结论分歧是一种多元因素的产物。有些分歧是由于司法鉴定所要解决的专业问题本身较为疑难所造成,因人类认识的局限性,其产生不可避免;而有些分歧是由于司法鉴定相关立法的疏漏及其他外在的非合理或人为因素所导致,其原本是可以避免,但因立法的缺陷和滞后,这些分歧在司法实践中不断地的产生,不但损害了当事人的利益,也最终妨碍了我国司法公正和效率价值的实现。若我国不针对司法鉴定结论分歧产生的原因采取必要的解决方式和完善措施解决并控制司法鉴定结论分歧,这不仅会阻碍诉讼的顺利进行,耗费极大的司法资源,而且会使得司法鉴定结论这种证据形式的科学性、权威性在人们心目中大打折扣。在实现司法公正,提高诉讼效率思想理念的指导下,本文对司法鉴定结论分歧的相关问题进行系统的分析和论证,并试探性地对我国的司法鉴定及相关诉讼法律制度提出几点改革建议。以期能为我国解决司法鉴定结论分歧、完善司法鉴定相关法律制度,实现司法公正效率的目标带来灵感。本文全文共三万余字,除前言和结语,共分为三章。第一章,司法鉴定结论概述。先明确司法鉴定结论的概念、法律特点、基本属性及其证据能力。第二章,司法鉴定结论分歧现象考察。首先以相关案例引出司法鉴定结论分歧这一现象并对其进行界定。其次,深入地分析司法鉴定结论分歧产生的原因。最后,对司法鉴定结论分歧给诉讼造成的弊害及其研究意义进行了论述和探讨。以期在本章中对司法鉴定结论分歧这一现象有个全面的理性的认识。第三章,司法鉴定结论分歧的解决方式与完善措施。此章是本文的重点,笔者在对司法鉴定结论分歧理性认识的基础上,提出解决和制约司法鉴定结论分歧的对策。一是制定对司法鉴定结论分歧的解决方式,以使诉讼的目的顺利实现。二是通过完善相关司法鉴定制度和诉讼法律制度来控制和减少司法鉴定结论分歧的出现——特别是一些外在的非合理或人为因素所造成的司法鉴定结论分歧的出现。笔者根据相关的法律,学界的一般定论和自己的见解,袒露自己的一些看法,看问题和分析问题难免有不足之处,权作辨析,祈望指正。
[Abstract]:As one of the legal evidence, the conclusion of judicial expertise plays an important and even decisive role in the adjudication of various cases. With the increasing complexity of social life and science and technology, there are more and more problems in modern litigation that require professional personnel to conduct judicial identification, and the status and role of identification in litigation is becoming increasingly prominent. The appraisal of scientific justice is the need to guarantee litigation democracy, science, justice and civilization. However, due to the characteristics of judicial expertise itself and the current malpractice of judicial expertise system in China, judicial expertise can not always meet the needs of litigation, one of the most important manifestations is the emergence of a large number of differences in judicial expertise conclusions. The difference in the conclusion of judicial expertise is the product of multiple factors. Some of the differences are caused by the difficulty of the professional problems to be solved by the judicial expertise, because of the limitations of human cognition, the emergence of which is inevitable; Some differences are caused by the omission of the relevant legislation and other external unreasonable or artificial factors, which can be avoided, but due to the shortcomings and lag of the legislation, these differences in judicial practice continue to produce. It not only damages the interests of the parties, but also hinders the realization of the value of judicial justice and efficiency. If our country does not take the necessary solutions and perfect measures to solve and control the differences in the conclusion of judicial expertise, it will not only hinder the smooth progress of the proceedings, but also consume a great deal of judicial resources. And it will make the conclusion of judicial expertise scientific and authoritative in people's mind. Under the guidance of the idea of realizing judicial justice and improving the efficiency of litigation, this paper systematically analyzes and demonstrates the problems related to the differences in the conclusion of judicial expertise. Some reform suggestions on judicial expertise and related legal system of litigation in China are put forward tentatively. In order to solve the differences in the conclusion of judicial expertise, improve the relevant legal system of judicial expertise, and achieve the goal of judicial justice efficiency to bring inspiration. This paper consists of more than 30,000 words, except preface and conclusion, which are divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the summary of the conclusion of forensic expertise. First, the concept, legal characteristics, basic attributes and evidential capacity of the conclusion of forensic expertise are clarified. The second chapter is the investigation of the phenomenon of divergence in the conclusion of forensic expertise. Firstly, the phenomenon of different conclusion of forensic expertise is drawn from relevant cases and defined. Secondly, the causes of the differences in the conclusion of forensic expertise are analyzed in depth. Finally, the paper discusses the harm and significance of the litigation caused by the differences in the conclusion of judicial expertise. In this chapter, there is a comprehensive and rational understanding of the differences in the conclusion of forensic expertise. The third chapter, the judicial expertise conclusions of the settlement of differences and measures to improve. This chapter is the focal point of this paper. Based on the rational understanding of the conclusions of forensic expertise, the author puts forward some countermeasures to solve and restrict the differences. The first is to establish a solution to the differences in the conclusion of judicial expertise, so that the purpose of the proceedings can be realized smoothly. The second is to control and reduce the emergence of the differences in the conclusion of judicial expertise by perfecting the relevant judicial identification system and the legal system of litigation, especially the appearance of the differences in the conclusion of judicial expertise caused by some external unreasonable or artificial factors. According to the relevant laws, the general conclusion of academic circles and their own opinions, the author reveals some of his own views, see problems and analysis of problems inevitably have shortcomings, power discrimination, hope to correct.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D918.9

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