论破窗效应及其在犯罪治理中的应用

发布时间：2018-12-28 20:52

【摘要】：破窗效应是一种独特的社会心理现象,由于信息匮乏,公众往往根据容易获知的关于社会秩序安全的外在信息符号来推断政府社会控制能力的大小与他人是否同等遵守法律,并由此对违法犯罪的制裁风险做出错误假定,从而使违法行为与合法行为都呈现出盲目性与扩散性的特征。破窗效应的可能性源于公民与政府之间的信息不对称,而其必要性则是因为政府执法能力的有限性以及暴力制裁信息价值的弱化。政府可以利用公民与政府之间的信息差异,通过一系列减少"破窗"的印象管理策略,如对社会环境与可防卫空间的设计、对轻微违法犯罪行为与不文明行为的治理、对警力象征性存在的强调,将一些关于社会秩序的正面信息符号注入公民与政府之间的认知鸿沟,放大可能实际非常有限的社会控制能力,使潜在违法犯罪者形成他人都在遵纪守法的普遍印象,从而提高潜在违法犯罪者的风险认知,并最终减少违法犯罪。
[Abstract]:Window breaking effect is a unique social psychological phenomenon. Due to the lack of information, the public often infer whether the government's social control ability is the same as others' compliance with the law according to the external information symbols about social order and security. From this, we make a false assumption on the sanction risk of illegal crime, so that both illegal and legal acts show the characteristics of blindness and diffusivity. The possibility of breaking the window effect originates from the information asymmetry between the citizen and the government, and its necessity is due to the limited ability of the government to enforce the law and the weakening of the information value of the violent sanction. The government can take advantage of the information difference between the citizens and the government, through a series of impression management strategies to reduce the "broken window", such as the design of social environment and defensible space, and the governance of minor criminal behavior and uncivilized behavior. The emphasis on the symbolic existence of the police force, by injecting some positive information symbols about social order into the cognitive gap between citizens and the government, and amplifying what may actually be a very limited capacity for social control. Make the common impression that others are abiding by the law, so as to improve the risk awareness of the potential offenders, and ultimately reduce the crime.
【作者单位】：安徽大学法学院;
【基金】：安徽大学博士科研启动经费项目(02303319)
【分类号】：D917;C912.6

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