户籍制度对实现流动儿童义务教育均等的限制及改革对策
发布时间：2019-04-22 14:37
【摘要】：十一届三中全会以来，改革开放和城镇化的不断深入带来了经济和城市的高速发展，促成了流动人口的急剧增加，截止2013年底，我国的流动人口总量已经由2000年的1.21亿增长到了2.45亿，同时也带来了流动儿童的义务教育问题。在我国，有太多的流动人口为了子女能够顺利入学而绞尽脑汁，现行的户籍制度如同一道高墙限制了这些流动儿童平等地接受教育。我国现行户籍制度以1958年通过的《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》为蓝本，户口类型可以从两方面进行分类：按经济社会资格角度可分为农业户口和非农业户口；按居住地可以分为本地户口和非本地户口，这样我国的户口类型就可以分为本地农业户口、本地非农业户口、非本地非农业户口以及非本地农业户口，，其中非本地农业户口是我国问题最多的群体，也是本文的主要研究对象。 我国的义务教育法规定，地方各级人民政府应当保障适龄儿童、少年在户籍所在地学校就近入学，这就在法律上形成了户籍与教育的捆绑关系。由于户籍的限制，流动儿童无法像本地的城市儿童一样顺利入学，存在严重的超龄入学现象；他们无法与本地城市儿童享有同等的教学资源和对待；他们无法和本地的城市儿童一样顺利升入流入地的高中继续学业。本文以户籍制度的单一视角从上述这些不平等的教育现象入手，探寻我国现行户籍制度与流动儿童义务教育均等之间的关系，分析户籍制度对流动儿童义务教育均等的制约作用，并提出相应的改革对策。在论述过程中，文章融入了教育学和心理学的相关理论和知识，使得文章的论述更加具体也更加充分。 2014年7月国务院颁布了《关于进一步推进户籍制度改革的意见》的文件，规定了城乡统一的户口登记制度，这对我国传统的城乡分治的二元户籍制度是一个冲击，也是户籍制度改革提上日程的一个重要信号，但是与户籍制度相捆绑的社会福利制度还没有得到明确的改革，户籍依然是流动儿童平等入学的主要障碍。要想真正促进流动儿童的义务教育均等，单纯触动户籍制度本身、从国家层面进行改革是远远不够的，流动儿童的教育问题需要得到全社会的关注和努力，国家再进行户籍制度改革的同时，社会上的各个要素也要互动起来，才能尽快缩小流动儿童与本地城市儿童之间的教育差距，才不会让他们过早成为下一代的农民工。
[Abstract]:Since the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the continuous deepening of reform, opening up and urbanization has brought about rapid economic and urban development and contributed to a sharp increase in the floating population. By the end of 2013, The total floating population in China has increased from one hundred and twenty million nine hundred and ninety nine thousand nine hundred and ninety nine in 2000 to 245 million in 2000, and also brought about the compulsory education of migrant children. In our country, too many floating people struggle to get their children into school successfully. The current household registration system, like a high wall, limits the floating children's equal access to education. The current household registration system in China is based on the regulations of the people's Republic of China on hukou Registration adopted in 1958. The types of hukou can be classified from two aspects: agricultural hukou and non-agricultural hukou according to economic and social qualifications; It can be divided into local hukou and non-local hukou by place of residence, so that the types of hukou in China can be divided into local agricultural hukou, local non-agricultural hukou, non-local non-agricultural hukou and non-local agricultural hukou. Non-local agricultural hukou is the most problematic group in China and the main research object of this paper. The compulsory education law of our country stipulates that the local people's governments at all levels should guarantee the school-age children and the juveniles attend the school close to the school where the household registration is located, which forms the binding relationship between the household registration and the education in law. (B) because of the restrictions on household registration, migrant children are unable to attend school as smoothly as local urban children, with serious over-age enrolment; they do not enjoy the same teaching resources and treatment as local urban children; They will not be able to continue their studies in high schools as well as local urban children. From the single angle of view of the household registration system, this paper explores the relationship between the current household registration system and the equality of compulsory education for floating children from the above-mentioned unequal educational phenomena. This paper analyzes the restricting effect of household registration system on the equality of compulsory education for floating children, and puts forward the corresponding reform countermeasures. In the process of discussion, the article integrates the relevant theories and knowledge of pedagogy and psychology, which makes the article more concrete and fuller. In July 2014, the State Council promulgated the document "opinions on further promoting the Reform of the Household Registration system", stipulating a unified hukou registration system for urban and rural areas, which is an impact on the traditional dual household registration system of divided urban and rural areas in China. It is also an important signal for the reform of the household registration system, but the social welfare system bundled with the household registration system has not been clearly reformed, and the household registration is still the main obstacle for migrant children to enter school on an equal footing. In order to truly promote the equality of compulsory education for floating children, it is far from enough to touch the household registration system itself and to carry out reforms at the national level. The education of floating children needs the attention and efforts of the whole society. In order to reduce the educational gap between floating children and local urban children as soon as possible, it will not let them become the next generation of migrant workers prematurely, at the same time, when the country carries on the reform of the household registration system, the various elements of the society should also interact with each other.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D631.42
本文编号：2462924
[Abstract]:Since the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the continuous deepening of reform, opening up and urbanization has brought about rapid economic and urban development and contributed to a sharp increase in the floating population. By the end of 2013, The total floating population in China has increased from one hundred and twenty million nine hundred and ninety nine thousand nine hundred and ninety nine in 2000 to 245 million in 2000, and also brought about the compulsory education of migrant children. In our country, too many floating people struggle to get their children into school successfully. The current household registration system, like a high wall, limits the floating children's equal access to education. The current household registration system in China is based on the regulations of the people's Republic of China on hukou Registration adopted in 1958. The types of hukou can be classified from two aspects: agricultural hukou and non-agricultural hukou according to economic and social qualifications; It can be divided into local hukou and non-local hukou by place of residence, so that the types of hukou in China can be divided into local agricultural hukou, local non-agricultural hukou, non-local non-agricultural hukou and non-local agricultural hukou. Non-local agricultural hukou is the most problematic group in China and the main research object of this paper. The compulsory education law of our country stipulates that the local people's governments at all levels should guarantee the school-age children and the juveniles attend the school close to the school where the household registration is located, which forms the binding relationship between the household registration and the education in law. (B) because of the restrictions on household registration, migrant children are unable to attend school as smoothly as local urban children, with serious over-age enrolment; they do not enjoy the same teaching resources and treatment as local urban children; They will not be able to continue their studies in high schools as well as local urban children. From the single angle of view of the household registration system, this paper explores the relationship between the current household registration system and the equality of compulsory education for floating children from the above-mentioned unequal educational phenomena. This paper analyzes the restricting effect of household registration system on the equality of compulsory education for floating children, and puts forward the corresponding reform countermeasures. In the process of discussion, the article integrates the relevant theories and knowledge of pedagogy and psychology, which makes the article more concrete and fuller. In July 2014, the State Council promulgated the document "opinions on further promoting the Reform of the Household Registration system", stipulating a unified hukou registration system for urban and rural areas, which is an impact on the traditional dual household registration system of divided urban and rural areas in China. It is also an important signal for the reform of the household registration system, but the social welfare system bundled with the household registration system has not been clearly reformed, and the household registration is still the main obstacle for migrant children to enter school on an equal footing. In order to truly promote the equality of compulsory education for floating children, it is far from enough to touch the household registration system itself and to carry out reforms at the national level. The education of floating children needs the attention and efforts of the whole society. In order to reduce the educational gap between floating children and local urban children as soon as possible, it will not let them become the next generation of migrant workers prematurely, at the same time, when the country carries on the reform of the household registration system, the various elements of the society should also interact with each other.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D631.42
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 段成荣,梁宏;我国流动儿童状况[J];人口研究;2004年01期
2 张利萍;;我国户籍型教育问题思考[J];山西高等学校社会科学学报;2006年06期
本文编号：2462924
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