上海外来人口本地化现状、反思及发展趋势研究

发布时间：2019-04-25 08:33

【摘要】： 随着我国户籍制度改革的不断推进,在区域发展不平衡的语境下,人口流迁的趋势不可避免。特别是在上海、深圳等一些经济发展程度很高的大城市,数量庞大的外来人口对人口、经济、社会等各个方面都造成了广泛而深远的影响,成为加快社会、经济发展与进步的重要因素。然而,外来人口仍然面临着被边缘化的境遇,外来人口福利待遇缺失的情况如若不予遏制必将影响和谐社会的构建和城市的可持续发展。基于此,本文拟以上海为例,从一个侧面展示如何改善我国大城市外来人口的民生问题和管理创新问题。笔者把就业、社保等福利待遇的本地化视作为外来人口本地化的过程,而不包括生活方式、社会交往和心理认同层面上的本地化。在这样的外来人口本地化理念下,本文从上海“本外”就业、社保、教育、居住等的实际差距入手,对“本外”分割、“本外”差距的形成原因进行了全面深入的剖析,进而提出上海未来外来人口本地化的推进策略。首先,本文通过比较研究,分析上海外来人口本地化现状,认为外来人才的本地化程度较高,而外来从业人员的本地福利项目非常有限,水平很低；另外,评价分析上海户籍改革的进展,认为上海户籍准入新政并未取得实质性突破。其次,本文对外来人口本地化的难题与压力进行了反思,认为外来人口压力其实主要就在于教育压力方面,其他所谓的福利压力、财政压力、社会治安压力、资源环境压力都被人为的夸大了,甚至是被制度所建构出来的,是由于外来人口融入城市不足而造成的。人口压力、资源约束不是本地化难以推进的根源,真正的根源在于体制性根源和利益性根源：体制性根源是由制度体制因素造成的,在于二元制度结构、财政分权体制和区域经济、教育发展不平衡三方面；利益性根源是地方政府、本地居民在追求自身利益的过程中所产生的阻碍外来人口本地化的种种行为。此外,外来人口自身的意愿和能力也是重要原因。最后,本文从总体思路、近期规划和中长期规划三方面提出外来人口本地化的发展趋势和推进策略。外来人口本地化的总体思路是现阶段适度本地化,未来完全本地化；应坚持的5个指导原则是：不能一蹴而就、不能一刀切、权利义务平等、帕累托改进和综合推进突出重点。近期规划仍是以户籍为基础的制度安排,不过这只是过渡性质的权宜之计,最根本的、标本兼治的解决方案在于构建外来人口本地化的长效机制。这需要从财政激励机制、官员考核机制、居住地管理创新机制、区域协调发展机制和福利制度完善机制等几方面入手。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of the reform of household registration system in China, the trend of population migration is inevitable in the context of unbalanced regional development. In particular, in some large cities with high levels of economic development, such as Shanghai and Shenzhen, the huge number of foreign population has caused a wide and far-reaching impact on all aspects of population, economy, society, and so on, and has become a speeding up society. An important factor in economic development and progress. However, the migrant population is still facing the situation of being marginalized. The lack of welfare treatment of the migrant population will affect the construction of harmonious society and the sustainable development of the city if it is not contained. Based on this, this paper takes Shanghai as an example to show how to improve the people's livelihood and management innovation of the migrant population in the big cities of our country. The author regards the localization of welfare treatment such as employment and social security as the process of localization of foreign population, not including the localization of life style, social interaction and psychological identity. Under the concept of localization of foreign population, this article starts with the actual disparity of employment, social security, education, residence and so on in Shanghai, and makes a thorough and thorough analysis of the reasons for the formation of the division of "outside and inside" and the gap between "outside and inside". And then put forward the promotion strategy of the localization of the migrant population in Shanghai in the future. Firstly, through the comparative study, this paper analyzes the localization status of the foreign population in Shanghai, and thinks that the localization degree of the foreign talents is higher, while the local welfare programs of the foreign employees are very limited and the level is very low; In addition, the paper evaluates and analyzes the progress of Shanghai household registration reform, and thinks that the new policy of Shanghai household registration admission has not made a substantial breakthrough. Secondly, this paper reviews the difficulties and pressures of the localization of the foreign population, and thinks that the pressure of the foreign population lies mainly in the educational pressure, other so-called welfare pressure, financial pressure, and social security pressure. The pressure of resources and environment has been artificially exaggerated, even constructed by the system, which is caused by the lack of integration of foreign population into the city. Population pressure, resource constraint is not the root of localization difficult to promote, the real root lies in the institutional root and the source of interest: the institutional root is caused by the institutional factors, lies in the dual institutional structure, Fiscal decentralization system and regional economy, education development imbalance in three aspects; The interest root is the local government, the local residents in the pursuit of their own interests in the process of hindering the localization of foreign population behavior. In addition, the will and ability of the foreign population itself is also an important reason. Finally, this paper puts forward the development trend and promotion strategy of the localization of foreign population from three aspects: general thinking, short-term planning and medium-and long-term planning. The general idea of localization of foreign population is moderate localization at present and complete localization in the future, and the five guiding principles that should be adhered to are: can not be achieved overnight, can not be one-size-fits-all, equal rights and obligations, Pareto improvement and comprehensive promotion to highlight the key points. The recent planning is still a household registration-based institutional arrangement, but this is only a temporary and expedient measure. The most fundamental solution is to construct a long-term mechanism for localizing the foreign population. This need to start from the financial incentive mechanism, the official assessment mechanism, the residence management innovation mechanism, the regional coordination development mechanism and the welfare system consummation mechanism and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D631.42

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