DNA数据库:实践、困惑与进路

发布时间：2019-05-29 23:29

【摘要】：DNA鉴定技术在诉讼中发挥着显著的证明作用。我国自建立法庭科学DNA数据库以来,各地数据库之规模、应用逐步扩大,取得一定实践成效。然而,数据库的运作也存在法律困惑:如何完善立法规范,如何平衡强制采样与正当程序的冲突,如何兼顾DNA信息保存与隐私权保护的目标,如何权衡数据库推广与司法资源有限的矛盾。DNA数据库的制度完善须理性选择立法模式,整合各地既有规范。应在《刑事诉讼法》第130条"人身检查"规定的基础上,细化DNA采样程序;综合考虑案件性质、犯罪危害程度和有利于犯罪分子改造等因素明确入库范围;健全信息保密和救济机制,对DNA数据库的用途、信息保存和销毁期限、违法使用DNA信息的制裁措施加以规范;此外,还应强化质量控制与监督机制。
[Abstract]:DNA identification technology plays a significant role in proving litigation. Since the establishment of court science DNA database in China, the scale and application of local databases have been gradually expanded, and some practical results have been achieved. However, there are also legal puzzles in the operation of the database: how to perfect the legislative norms, how to balance the conflict between forced sampling and due process, how to take into account the objectives of DNA information preservation and privacy protection. How to weigh the contradiction between the promotion of database and the limited judicial resources. The system improvement of DNA database must rationally choose the legislative model and integrate the existing norms in various places. On the basis of the provisions of Article 130 "personal examination" of the Code of Criminal procedure, the DNA sampling procedure should be refined, and the scope of storage should be clearly considered by taking into account the nature of the case, the degree of harm to the crime and the factors conducive to the transformation of criminals. We should improve the mechanism of information confidentiality and relief, regulate the use of DNA database, the time limit for the preservation and destruction of information, and the sanctions for the illegal use of DNA information. In addition, we should strengthen the quality control and supervision mechanism.
【作者单位】：四川大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金资助项目(10CFX041) 中国行为法学会基金资助课题“社会转型期司法鉴定不信任问题研究”((2010)学研029)
【分类号】：D919.2

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