试述我国公安DNA数据库在侦查中的应用与展望
发布时间：2019-06-21 17:49
【摘要】：随着标准化的法医DNA分型技术的成熟，计算机及网络技术的不断完善，DNA数据库也得到了极大的发展。我国公安DNA数据库是将DNA多态性分析技术与计算机网络传输技术和大型数据库管理技术相结合而建立的，对各类案件现场法医物证检材和违法犯罪人员样本的DNA分型数据及相关的案件信息或人员信息进行计算机存储，并实现远程快速比对和查询的数据共享信息系统。我国公安DNA数据库自2005年开始投入运行以来，经过近十年的发展，数据库容量迅速增大，破案效益不断增强，截止2013年8月31日，，DNA数据库数据总量达到2242.2万条，数据总量稳居世界第一位；2012年直接认定刑事案件涉案人员数和案件数分别为8.9万人、9.3万起；现场生物物证DNA信息入库比中率达到23.59%，违法犯罪人员DNA信息入库比中率达到1.41%。DNA数据库成为公安机关在动态化、信息化条件下适应现代警务新要求，精确高效打击犯罪，维护司法公正，化解社会矛盾的重要科技支撑。但是，随着法制的不断完善，公民权利意识的不断增强，我国DNA数据库存在的一些问题及隐患不断显现出来。如DNA数据库立法尚未健全，导致我国DNA数据库法律定位模糊，采集范围缺乏统一的法律规范，对DNA信息及DNA样本的保存及销毁尚未明确规定，导致DNA数据库在数据比对、信息研判、跨区域比中案件信息共享等方面存在信息互用不够等。本文作者为公安干警从事DNA检验工作，实践于DNA数据库在刑事侦查中的应用，就我国公安目前DNA数据库应用现状，与国外发达国家DNA数据库应用进行比较，分析展望我国DNA数据库的未来，提出一些个人想法与建议。
[Abstract]:With the maturity of standardized forensic DNA typing technology and the continuous improvement of computer and network technology, DNA database has been greatly developed. The public security DNA database in China is established by combining DNA polymorphism analysis technology with computer network transmission technology and large database management technology. the DNA classification data and related case information or personnel information of forensic physical evidence samples and illegal and criminal personnel samples on the scene of all kinds of cases are stored by computer, and the data sharing information system of remote and rapid comparison and query is realized. Since China's public security DNA database was put into operation in 2005, after nearly ten years of development, the database capacity has increased rapidly and the benefit of solving cases has been continuously enhanced. as of August 31, 2013, the total data of DNA database reached 22.422 million, ranking first in the world. In 2012, the number of persons involved in criminal cases and the number of cases were 89000 and 93000, respectively. The ratio rate of DNA information of biological evidence on the spot is 23.59%, and the ratio of DNA information of illegal and criminal personnel to 1.41%.DNA database has become an important scientific and technological support for public security organs to adapt to the new requirements of modern police under the condition of dynamic and information, to crack down on crime accurately and efficiently, to maintain judicial justice and to resolve social contradictions. However, with the continuous improvement of the legal system and the increasing awareness of civil rights, some problems and hidden dangers existing in DNA database in our country continue to appear. For example, the legislation of DNA database is not perfect, which leads to the vague legal positioning of DNA database in our country, the lack of unified legal norms in the scope of collection, and the preservation and destruction of DNA information and DNA samples, which leads to the insufficient use of information in DNA database in data comparison, information research and judgment, case information sharing in cross-regional comparison, and so on. In this paper, the author is engaged in DNA inspection for public security police, practices the application of DNA database in criminal investigation, compares the current application situation of DNA database with that of foreign developed countries, analyzes and looks forward to the future of DNA database in China, and puts forward some personal ideas and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D918.9
本文编号：2504256
[Abstract]:With the maturity of standardized forensic DNA typing technology and the continuous improvement of computer and network technology, DNA database has been greatly developed. The public security DNA database in China is established by combining DNA polymorphism analysis technology with computer network transmission technology and large database management technology. the DNA classification data and related case information or personnel information of forensic physical evidence samples and illegal and criminal personnel samples on the scene of all kinds of cases are stored by computer, and the data sharing information system of remote and rapid comparison and query is realized. Since China's public security DNA database was put into operation in 2005, after nearly ten years of development, the database capacity has increased rapidly and the benefit of solving cases has been continuously enhanced. as of August 31, 2013, the total data of DNA database reached 22.422 million, ranking first in the world. In 2012, the number of persons involved in criminal cases and the number of cases were 89000 and 93000, respectively. The ratio rate of DNA information of biological evidence on the spot is 23.59%, and the ratio of DNA information of illegal and criminal personnel to 1.41%.DNA database has become an important scientific and technological support for public security organs to adapt to the new requirements of modern police under the condition of dynamic and information, to crack down on crime accurately and efficiently, to maintain judicial justice and to resolve social contradictions. However, with the continuous improvement of the legal system and the increasing awareness of civil rights, some problems and hidden dangers existing in DNA database in our country continue to appear. For example, the legislation of DNA database is not perfect, which leads to the vague legal positioning of DNA database in our country, the lack of unified legal norms in the scope of collection, and the preservation and destruction of DNA information and DNA samples, which leads to the insufficient use of information in DNA database in data comparison, information research and judgment, case information sharing in cross-regional comparison, and so on. In this paper, the author is engaged in DNA inspection for public security police, practices the application of DNA database in criminal investigation, compares the current application situation of DNA database with that of foreign developed countries, analyzes and looks forward to the future of DNA database in China, and puts forward some personal ideas and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D918.9
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