论规则之治的目标及其实现的困境

发布时间：2018-01-09 22:26

本文关键词：论规则之治的目标及其实现的困境　出处：《中国政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：规则之治是一项运用规则来指引和调整人们行为的事业,本文中所指的规则是广义上的法律规则即符合法律的内在道德的行为规范。规则之治要求达到两层目标：首先要存在可以称之为法律的规则,其次法律本身的内容应是体现公平和正义的“良法”。这两层目标在实现的过程中面临着种种困境,本文主要讨论规则之治的目标的具体内涵以及针对目标实现过程中的困境提出解决措施,同时对解决措施本身所产生的难题进行深入的探讨。文章的最后研究成果在于提出并不存在一个明确并且唯一的解决措施,而应当在立法尤其是司法过程中针对个案寻求解决与平衡。规则之治的目标是使法律达到两层道德标准即法律的内在道德和法律的外在道德。富勒对法律的内在道德提出了明确的八项原则：法律的一般性,法律应被公布,不得滥用溯及既往性立法,清晰性要求,避免法律中的矛盾,法律不得要求不可能之事,法律应保持稳定,官方行动应与公布的规则保持一致。外在道德是对法律内容的要求,法律应当是体现公平价值的法律。外在道德与内在道德的关系在于前者会随着情势的变更而变化而后者是不变的道德标准,同时外在道德是对内容的要求而内在道德多是对形式的要求。总的来说,外在道德是比内在道德更高一层的要求,内在道德的实现是外在道德实现的必然但非充分条件。在规则之治的目标实现过程中面临着诸多问题。本文主要侧重探讨法律的内在道德实现的困境。法律的内在道德原则之一要求法律应保持稳定性,但随着社会的发展,法律应不断的调整变动以适应新情况、新问题的出现,同时法律自身的逻辑不自足同样使规则之治的稳定性目标难以实现。由于人们预见力的限制,同时为了体现法律的正义,在保证其他内在道德要求的实现、矫正不经意行为之后果、解决由规则含义之争议所引发的纠纷、纠正错误判决的时候,将不得不运用溯及既往的法律来解决。官方的行动应与公布的规则保持一致性的实现也因为法官在审理案件时对法律的不同解释以及对法律表述通俗易懂的追求而面临困境。“消除法律中的矛盾”和“法律不得要求为不可能之事”这两项原则也由于种种原因面临着实现的困境。针对这些困境,本文提出了相关的应对措施。这些解决措施在一定程度上可以解决规则之治的目标在实现过程中的困境,为立法和司法活动提供指引。但措施本身在落实过程中也存在一些难题。例如解决措施的不确定性难以给人明确的实践指引,解决措施有时甚至会带来其他不良后果等。这些解决措施所带来的难题是需要进一步的理论研究和探讨的,我们不能提出一个标准的解决措施使之可以给规则之治目标的实现提供明确并且固定通用的指引。基于此,本文的结论是规则之治的实现面临着一些现在甚至将来都难以解决的困境,而我们应当看到这些困境是社会发展和历史变迁的必然结果。只要时间在流逝,历史在更迭,规则之治的困境就依然存在。司法过程中针对个案,根据不同的案件情境和价值选择来实现规则之治的目标是我们应当努力的方向。
[Abstract]:The rule of rule is a cause of applying rules to direct and adjust people ' s behavior . The rules referred to in this article are the rules of the law . The rule of law requires two levels of objective : firstly , we should have the rules that can be called the law , secondly , the content of the law itself should be the " good law " embodying the fairness and justice . The final research result of this article is that it does not have a clear and unique solution , but should seek to solve and balance the case in the legislation , especially in the judicial process . The aim of the rule is to bring the law to two layers of moral standard , that is , the inner moral of law and the outside of law . Fuller has made clear eight principles to the inner morality of law : the generality of the law , the law should be the law embodying the fair value . This paper mainly focuses on the dilemma of the inherent morality of the law . One of the inherent moral principles of law requires the law to keep the stability , but with the development of the society , the law should constantly adjust the changes to adapt to the new situation and the new problem . At the same time , the logic of the law itself is difficult to realize . The official action should be consistent with the published rules . In the light of these difficulties , this paper puts forward some relevant countermeasures . These measures can solve the difficulties in the course of the implementation of the rules and provide guidance for the legislative and judicial activities . However , there are some difficulties in the implementation of the measures . On the basis of this , the conclusion of this paper is that the realization of the rule of the rule is confronted with the difficult problems which are now even difficult to solve in the future , and we should see that these difficulties are the inevitable result of social development and historical changes . As long as the time goes on , the plight of the rule is still in existence . In the course of the judicial process , according to the case , the goal of implementing the rule according to different situation and value choice is the direction that we should try to .

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D90-051

【参考文献】