影响中国法治化进程的传统文化因素分析

发布时间：2018-01-16 11:41

本文关键词：影响中国法治化进程的传统文化因素分析　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 改革开放以来,中国法治进程不断推进,但法治并没有真正走进生活,原因之一是法治文化根基的缺失,特别是传统文化中人情的影响。人情“对人不对事”,与法律制度“对事不对人”的运作要求相对立。人情观念造成法律制度在人们的日常生活中的效力下降。中国人情观念十分发达,理性化要求的法治规则与中国社会人情交往的潜规则并不合拍,人情观念对法律及司法制度的侵蚀造成法治化进程步履蹒跚。集权政治与人情文化之间的相互影响造成在人治传统十分深厚的中国推行理性和法治的任务十分艰巨。人与社会关系中的社会本位论、权利义务关系中的义务本位论、官民关系中的权力本位论(官本位)、公私关系中的崇公抑私论、文化类型中的道德中心论以及动机效果关系中的动机中心论,构成以儒家为主体的中国传统文化的基本特色,而这种特色具有抑制以人本主义、平等主义、理性主义、权利本位论为核心价值观的法律意识和法治精神产生和传播的作用。只有积极培育适合于法律制度和依法治理的理性文化,才能有效推进中国的法治化进程,使法治秩序变成生活现实。从传统的人治国家和人情社会转变为现代的法治国家和理性社会是中国社会现代化的重要组成部分和必然选择。法理型制度的合法性基础来自基于经济理性的自由竞争和交换,在其中,人际关系主要表现为一种非人格化的权利义务关系。这种制度有别于传统社会注重忠诚、亲疏远近等人格化情感关系的制度非理性。与传统社会相比,现代社会具有开放性、进取性和革命性,而传统社会则具有封闭性、保守性和传统性。只有法理型的制度理性扬弃了传统社会的制度非理性,才是中国社会现代化的制度目标,和谐社会也才有可靠的制度保障。从文化的维度研究法治是法治理论丰富和发展的需要,也是对法治现实探索和反思的结果。中国正在描绘的一幅可能的法治图景,是从法律制度的完善到法治文化的传播再到法治理念的普及。法治必须以公民对于法律制度的信赖为前提,而信赖的基础则是法律维护社会公平、正义和人们对自由的幸福生活追求的权利的保障。市场化改革不仅向社会的法治化提出了要求,各国已有的经验也为中国法制精神的培植提供了路径——制度文化实现从社会本位到个人本位,从义务本位到权利本位,从权力本位到责任本位,从道义本位到利益本位,从动机中心到效果中心的转型。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the process of the rule of law in China has been advancing continuously, but the rule of law has not really entered into life. One of the reasons is the lack of the foundation of the culture of rule of law, especially the influence of human feelings in the traditional culture. Contrary to the operational requirements of the legal system of "not doing things to people", the concept of human feelings causes the decline of the effectiveness of the legal system in people's daily life. The concept of human relations in China is very developed. The rule of law required by reason is not in accord with the latent rules of human relations in Chinese society. The erosion of the concept of human feelings to the law and judicial system causes the process of rule of law to falter. The mutual influence between centralization politics and human culture makes the task of carrying out reason and rule by law very difficult in China, where the tradition of rule of man is very deep. The social standard theory in the relationship between man and society. The theory of obligation standard in the relationship between rights and obligations, the power standard theory in the relationship between the government and the people, the theory of public worship and suppression of privacy in the public and private relations, the moral center theory in the culture type and the motivation center theory in the relation of motive effect. It constitutes the basic characteristics of Chinese traditional culture with Confucianism as the main body, and this characteristic has the restraint to humanism, egalitarianism, rationalism. Only by actively cultivating a rational culture suitable for the legal system and governing by law can we effectively promote the process of rule of law in China. Make the order of the rule of law a reality of life. It is an important part and inevitable choice of Chinese society modernization from the traditional rule of man and the human society to the modern country under the rule of law and the rational society. The legal basis of the legal system is based on the economic rationality. Free competition and exchange. Among them, the interpersonal relationship is mainly manifested as a non-personal relationship between rights and obligations. This system is different from the traditional society, such as paying attention to loyalty, affective relationship and so on. Compared with the traditional society. The modern society is open, enterprising and revolutionary, while the traditional society is closed, conservative and traditional. Only then is the Chinese society modernization system goal, the harmonious society also has the reliable system safeguard. To study the rule of law from the perspective of culture is not only the need to enrich and develop the theory of rule of law, but also the result of exploration and reflection on the reality of the rule of law. From the perfection of the legal system to the dissemination of the culture of the rule of law to the popularization of the concept of the rule of law, the rule of law must be based on the trust of the citizens to the legal system, and the basis of trust is the legal maintenance of social justice. Justice and the guarantee of people's right to a free and happy life. The market-oriented reform not only demands the rule of law in the society. The experience of various countries has also provided the path for the cultivation of Chinese legal spirit from social standard to individual standard, from obligation standard to right standard, from power standard to responsibility standard. From moral standard to benefit standard, from motive center to effect center.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D920.0

【引证文献】