美国辅助技术法律研究及对我国立法的启示

发布时间：2018-01-19 05:28

  本文关键词： 辅助技术 法律 美国　出处：《重庆师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 技术不仅仅是经济、教育和创新最为主要的推动力之一,而且可以帮助残疾人更多地参与早期干预、教育、康复训练、就业、居家、独立生活和休闲娱乐等活动中从而可以与社会其他人士一样充分享受其独立生活的权利、自我决定及选择的权利、受教育的权利、从事有意义职业的权利和充分融入主流社会各领域的权利。经过数十年的发展与实践,辅助技术在以上领域中已经越来越凸显出重要性。目前,世界一些发达国家和地区已经通过立法保障残疾人获得和使用辅助技术的权利,从而推动了辅助技术事业的进步和促进了残疾人更全面、充分地融入社会。 在美国辅助技术法律研究领域,系统和深入的研究极为缺乏。国外已有的研究多着重于获得辅助技术的资金来源与单一法律的介绍或多个相关法律的简单罗列。本研究运用历史研究、文献研究和比较研究等研究方法通过对美国辅助技术相关法律的梳理,着重探讨其作为整体从各个层面对残疾人辅助技术需求的满足和对辅助技术事业的推动以及各相关法律之间的溯源与关联,并以美国辅助技术立法经验为基础,结合我国当前辅助技术与辅助技术法律政策现状,提出相关建议。 研究发现,在当前,通过立法保障残疾人获得和使用辅助技术方面,美国已经远远走在了世界的前列。通过以《辅助技术法案》、《康复法案》、《残疾人教育法案》和《美国残疾人法案》为主的立法的相关规定,残疾人在康复、教育、就业和社会生活的诸多领域的辅助技术需求得以被保障。更为重要的是,这些有关辅助技术的立法不仅从资金上保障对残疾人辅助技术需求的满足,而且从教育培训、研发、信息服务、机构协调、维权和政策反思等诸多方面全面促进辅助技术事业的进步。随着我国残疾人工作的推进,辅助技术在缩小残疾人生活状况与社会平均水平间差距、促进残疾人平等和全面地参与社会生活中的重要性也越来越得到重视。但是在通过立法保障残疾人辅助技术需求方面,我国目前距离发达国家还有不小的差距。为进一步完善残疾人法律法规体系,包括辅助技术相关法律、法规与政策,有必要对先进国家的辅助技术立法与实施进行研究,予以借鉴。 本研究对美国涉及辅助技术的主要法律在立法背景、法律规定的重要计划与行动、拨款、执行及效果和相关局限等方面进行了深入地研究,对美国辅助技术法律对辅助技术事业在技术研发、产品与服务供给、信息服务和人员培训等环节的促进进行了分析,总结出美国辅助技术法律体系通过其完备性、资金保障、严格的执行、对各类残疾人群的关照、对辅助技术产业各环节的统筹以及适时的修订对辅助技术事业的整体推动。同时对比我国的辅助技术政策现状提出建议,即继续加强法制建设并明确辅助技术在促进残疾人全面康复中的重要性、兼顾辅助技术事业各领域与环节的发展、加大相关法律法规及政策的执行力度以及注重对相关法律法规的及时修订。
[Abstract]:Technology is not only one of the main driving force of the economy, education and innovation, and help more people with disabilities to participate in early intervention, rehabilitation, education, employment, living, independent living and leisure and entertainment activities which can charge the same with other members of society enjoy their independent living rights, self-determination rights and choice and the right to education, the right to engage in meaningful occupation and fully integrated into the mainstream society in various fields to the right. After decades of development and practice, assistive technology in these areas has been increasingly highlighted. At present, some developed countries and regions have been through legislation to protect the disabled access and use of assistive technology rights. Assistive technology so as to promote the cause of progress and promote the disabled more comprehensive, fully integrated into the society.
In the United States legal assistant technology research, systematic and thorough research is very lack. Many foreign researchers focus on access to assistive technology funding sources and single or multiple law introduced relevant laws simply. This study uses historical research, literature research and comparative research methods based on the auxiliary technology the research of the relevant laws, discusses its as a whole from all levels of satisfaction and assistive technology needs of assistive technology career promotion and among the various relevant laws and tracing the association, and the experience of American assistive technology legislation as the basis, combined with China's current status of auxiliary technology and assistive technology laws and policies, and puts forward relevant suggestions.
The study found that, at present, through legislation to protect the disabled access and use of assistive technology, the United States is at the forefront of the world. By using the assistive technology act < > >, < < the Rehabilitation Act, the relevant provisions of the Education Act "and" the Americans with Disabilities Act > based legislation, the disabled rehabilitation education. Is the security needs of assistive technology in many fields of employment and social life to be. More importantly, these assistive technology legislation not only from the funds to protect the assistive technology needs to meet, but also from the education and training, research and development, information services, institutional coordination, rights and policy aspects of comprehensive promotion of assistive technology the progress of the cause of the disabled in China. With the promotion of assistive technology in narrowing the gap between the living conditions of people with disabilities and the average level of society, promote the equality and full participation The importance of social life is getting more and more attention. But through legislation to protect the assistive technology demand, our country at present from developed countries and there is not a small gap. In order to further improve the legal system of the disabled, including assistive technology related laws, regulations and policies, it is necessary to assist technical legislation in advanced countries were studied. With the implementation of reference.
This research is mainly on the United States law relates to the auxiliary technology in the legislative background, important plans and actions, the law grants, in-depth study and implement effects and restrictions on American laws on assistive technology assistive technology career in technology research and development, product and service supply, information services and personnel training etc. promote are analyzed, summed up the legal system of American assistive technology through its completeness, financial security, strict execution of all kinds of people with disabilities care, for each part of the auxiliary technology industry and the revision of the overall plan for the promotion of the cause of assistive technology. At the same time propose contrast assistive technology policy current situation of our country, i.e. continue to strengthen the construction of legal system and clear auxiliary technology to promote the importance of comprehensive rehabilitation of the disabled, taking into account the assistive technology in various fields and aspects of career development, increase The enforcement of relevant laws and regulations and policies as well as the timely revision of relevant laws and regulations.

【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D971.2;D920.0
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本文编号：1442853