法律何以不被信任

发布时间：2018-02-05 02:06

本文关键词： 信任法律信任法律文化　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当下,我国信任资源的缺乏已成为共识,在这种大背景下,法律也成为不被信任的对象,我们从“信访潮”、“大调解”、“执行难”等与法律有关现象中可以深切的体会到法律所面临的信任危机。法律何以不被信任?这一疑问也就凸显在我们面前,笔者试图通过信任相关理论对这一问题进行分析。本文分为四个部分：第一部分,从信任的一般原理出发分析信任及其与法律的关系。首先,从信任的研究现状中分析信任自身的产生前提、功能及其定义与分类,为进一步分析法律信任问题做好铺垫；其次,从信任与法律的关系入手探讨其内在关联,一方面,法律为社会信任提供保证,法律信任为现代信任机制提供支持,另一方面,从法律自身的合法性这一古老而又常青的话题入手,分析法律合法性的实质与法律权威所赖以存在的前提,得出它们都与法律信任的问题有着密切的联系,是法律在以不同的样态寻求信任。第二部分,从现象上分析法律不被信任的三个焦点实例。“信访潮”从表面上看仅是上访者对法律权威的不信任及对“另一种较大权威”的追逐,但追根溯源,上访却显示了执政者对法律的不信任,主要是对建立法律制度的不信任,其次才在此基础上导致了上访者对法律的不信任；“大调解”原本所要追求的“案结事了”效果最终却是事与愿违,这样的现象不免引起我们内心的疑问,这也促使我们不得不重新审视我们现有的“大调解”并反思最终背离初衷的结果出现的根本原因；“执行难”是在法院调审结果确定下后的一大痼疾,众多已经具有执行效力的案件无法得到圆满的结案,法院的判决成为了“法律白条”,这是对法律效力的不信任,也是对法律权威的最大挑衅。第三部分,从三个层面上分析法律不被信任的原因。社会转型是法律不被信任的背景因素,社会转型的大背景使得社会分化进而导致矛盾的对立与激化,法律信任的建构正是处在这种利益分化与对立的夹缝之中；我国固有的思想文化传统使得我国法律文化中对法律的边缘化与工具化,再加上我们现代法律的建立对于本土化的不适应,使得法律信任的建立处在坚石之上；法律自身的局限性,表现为法律的技术理性最终使得其与人的分离,同时使得法律人的职业蓝图与人的生活相分离。第四部分,从三个角度尝试对法律如何获得信任的途径进行建构。针对前文法律不被信任的现象及原因,首先是法律文化观念的更新,即“法律神圣”观念的践行,其次是法律合理性制度的建设,最后是对法律自身道德性的反思,即法律及法律人应当保持自恃的态度才是唤起人们法律信任的必由之路。
[Abstract]:At present, the lack of trust resources in our country has become a consensus, in this context, the law has become the object of not to be trusted, we from "petition tide", "great mediation". "difficult to enforce" and other phenomena related to law can deeply understand the crisis of trust faced by law. How can law not be trusted? This question is highlighted in front of us. The author tries to analyze the problem through the theory of trust. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part. The relationship between trust and law is analyzed from the general principle of trust. Firstly, the premise, function, definition and classification of trust itself are analyzed from the present situation of trust research. To lay the groundwork for further analysis of legal trust; Secondly, the relationship between trust and law is discussed. On the one hand, law provides guarantee for social trust, legal trust provides support for modern trust mechanism, on the other hand. Starting from the ancient and evergreen topic of the legitimacy of law itself, this paper analyzes the essence of legal legitimacy and the premise of the existence of legal authority, and draws a conclusion that they are closely related to the problem of legal trust. It is the law that seeks trust in different ways. The second part. This paper analyzes three focal examples of the law not to be trusted from the phenomenon. On the surface, the "petition tide" is only the petitioner's distrust of the legal authority and the pursuit of "another kind of larger authority", but it is traced back to the source. The petition shows that the government does not trust the law, mainly on the establishment of the legal system, and then leads to the distrust of the law by the petitioners on this basis. "Great mediation" originally to pursue the "case concluded" effect is ultimately counterproductive, such a phenomenon can not help but cause our inner question. This also urges us to re-examine our existing "Great Mediation" and reflect on the root causes of the ultimate deviation from the original intention. "the difficulty of execution" is a chronic disease after the result of court investigation and trial. Many cases which already have the effect of execution can not be satisfactorily concluded, and the judgment of the court has become a "law white article". This is the distrust of the legal effect and the greatest provocation to the legal authority. The third part analyzes the reasons why the law is not trusted from three levels. The social transformation is the background factor of the law not to be trusted. The background of social transformation makes the social differentiation and then leads to the contradiction of opposites and intensifies. The construction of legal trust lies in the gap between this kind of benefit differentiation and opposition. The inherent ideological and cultural tradition of our country makes the legal culture of our country marginalized and instrumentalized, and the establishment of our modern law does not adapt to the localization, which makes the establishment of legal trust on the solid stone; The limitation of law itself is that the technical rationality of law finally separates it from human being, and at the same time, it makes the professional blueprint of legal person separate from human life. Part 4th. This paper tries to construct the way of how to obtain the trust of law from three angles. In view of the phenomenon and reason that the law is not trusted, the first is the renewal of the concept of legal culture, that is, the practice of the concept of "legal sanctity". The second is the construction of the legal rationality system, and finally the reflection on the morality of the law itself, that is, the only way to arouse people's legal trust is that the law and the legal person should keep their own attitude.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D90-052

【参考文献】