孟德斯鸠的“法意”观探析

发布时间：2018-02-08 22:16

本文关键词： 孟德斯鸠法意立法者政体原则中国特色社会主义法治国家　出处：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要以孟德斯鸠的《论法的精神》为文本研究对象，通过对《论法的精神》的内在逻辑结构的梳理和分析，来探究孟德斯鸠“法意”观的真谛。本文结构安排如下：引言。说明本文的研究对象和研究方法，国内和国外学者对孟德斯鸠思想的研究现状，同时重点强调本文的创新之处，即通过对《论法的精神》的宏观脉络和微观细节的研究来分析《论法的精神》的内在逻辑结构，继而把握孟德斯鸠“法意”观的真谛。第一部分，导论。在这一部分，作者指出了研究孟德斯鸠“法意”观的切入点是《论法的精神》的内在逻辑结构，并将其具体细致地表述出来。第二部分，孟德斯鸠“法意”观的思想基础。在这一部分中，作者主要通过对《论法的精神》第一章、第二十六章和第二十九章的深入分析，从孟德斯鸠对“法”即“必然关系”的理解，对人性的理解，对世界上各种法律的划分和这些法律之间的关系以及对立法者所应具备的素质、立法的内容等四方面，介绍孟德斯鸠“法意”观的思想基础。之后孟德斯鸠对“法意”的主要要素进行了安排：首先，他考察了政体的性质和政体的原则，并指出教育和法律是影响政体原则的重要因素。其次，他考察了国与国之间的攻击和防御关系。第三，他旗帜鲜明地指出了自己政治理想中的绝对性目标，即宽和政体和政治自由。第四，政体的宽和度和政治的自由度要视每一个国家的国情而定，而一国对政体宽和度和政治自由度有深刻影响的因素包括：气候、土壤、民族的一般精神、贸易、人口、宗教等方面。因此这就形成了以政体原则为出发点，以宽和政体为目标，综合考虑一国的具体国情的立法思维。第三部分，孟德斯鸠的“法意”观对立法者立法的指导作用。一方面，，孟德斯鸠有世界情怀和人类情怀，因此他对世界各国的立法者提出了一些原则性的建议。另一方面，孟德斯鸠也有着强烈的爱国情怀，对法国未来的发展也有很深刻的见解。因此，他主要借助历史的视角，向法国当时的立法者提供了立法建议。第四部分，孟德斯鸠“法意”观对当代中国的借鉴意义。在该部分中，作者重点从孟德斯鸠思想中的精华——“关系论”思想和政体原则的重要作用谈起，分析中国立法者为人民代表和中国立法目标是建立法治社会的重要意义，深信中国的立法者在明了中国的“法意”之后，必将最终实现中国特色社会主义法治国家！
[Abstract]:This article mainly takes Montesquieu's Spirit of the Theory of Law as the textual research object, through combing and analyzing the internal logical structure of the Spirit of the Theory of Law, to probe into the true meaning of Montesquieu's view of "law meaning". The structure of this paper is as follows:. Introduction. Explain the research object and research methods of this paper, the current situation of Montesquieu's thought by domestic and foreign scholars, at the same time, emphasize the innovation of this article, This is to analyze the inner logical structure of the Spirit of Law by studying the macro context and micro details of the Spirit of Law, and then to grasp the true meaning of Montesquieu's view of "the meaning of law". In this part, the author points out that the starting point of Montesquieu's view of "law meaning" is the inner logical structure of "the spirit of theory of law", and expresses it in detail. The second part is the ideological basis of Montesquieu's idea of "law meaning". In this part, the author mainly analyzes the first chapter, 26th chapter and 29th chapter of "on the Spirit of Law". From four aspects, Montesquieu's understanding of "law", namely "inevitable relationship", the understanding of human nature, the division of various laws in the world and the relationship between these laws, the quality of legislators, the content of legislation, etc. This paper introduces the ideological basis of Montesquieu's idea of "law and meaning". Then Montesquieu arranges the main elements of "law and meaning": first, he examines the nature of the regime and the principles of the system of government. He also pointed out that education and law were important factors affecting the principles of government. Secondly, he examined the relations of aggression and defense between nations. Thirdly, he clearly pointed out the absolute goal of his political ideal, That is, leniency and political freedom. 4th, the degree of leniency and political freedom of government depends on the national conditions of each country, and the factors that a country has a profound influence on the degree of leniency and political freedom of government include: climate, soil, The general spirit of the nation, trade, population, religion and so on. Therefore, this has formed the legislative thinking that takes the polity principle as the starting point, takes the broadness and the regime as the goal, synthetically considers the specific national conditions of a country. The third part, Montesquieu's "law meaning" view to legislator's guidance function. On the one hand, Montesquieu has world feelings and human feelings, so he put forward some suggestions of principle to the legislators all over the world, on the other hand, Montesquieu also had strong patriotic feelings and profound views on the future development of France. In the 4th part, Montesquieu's idea of "law and meaning" is used for reference in contemporary China. In this part, the author focuses on the important role of the essence of Montesquieu's thought "relation theory" and the principle of polity. It is important to analyze that Chinese legislators are the people's representatives and the legislative target of China to establish a society ruled by law. It is believed that the legislators in China will finally realize the socialist country ruled by law with Chinese characteristics after knowing the "law meaning" of China.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D909.1

【参考文献】