论我国正当法律程序制度的完善

发布时间：2018-02-24 08:27

本文关键词： 正当法律程序法律程序的独立性价值正当性评价标准法律程序责任　出处：《中南民族大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 现代法治在很大程度上表现为程序法治,有无正当的法律程序是法治与人治的根本区别,没有正当程序表现的法治就不是真正意义上的法治。由于正当法律程序具有制约权力滥用、确保法律公正、承载法律价值、保障公民人权的制度性功能和在法治中的基础性作用,因此,在我国确定以依法治国为治国方略的今天,构建更为完善的正当法律程序制度具有重大的现实意义。正当法律程序的概念是讨论主题的逻辑起点。在考察学界对正当法律程序概念界定的基础上,作者认为,正当法律程序具有双重含义:在实质意义上,它是指除非依据适当的法律,权利和自由不可被剥夺;在形式意义上,这意味着一旦要由法律来决定的行为,适当的程序就必须伴随,其自然包括正当的立法、行政和司法程序。正当法律程序的“正当性”如何评判?在当前学界,存在着结果有效性标准、过程价值有效性标准、过程有效性与好结果的统一价值标准。作者赞成统一价值标准,因为结果有效性标准无法解决法律程序的道德性问题,过程价值有效性标准过于简单化和理想化,而统一价值标准较全面地包容了法律程序的工具性价值和独立性价值。正当法律程序的价值问题是正当法律程序理论的核心问题之一。通过分析,我们可以看到,正当法律程序一方面具有保障实体权利义务的实现、弥补实体法律的不足等工具性价值;另一方面,更重要的是,它还蕴含着保障程序正义、维护程序和平、体现程序合意等独立性价值。依照统一价值标准,我国正当法律程序制度在设计和实施方面还存在着诸多问题。在立法程序领域,规则简陋稀疏,博弈机制缺乏,交涉程度低下;在民事领域,国家本位主义仍然实际占据着民事诉讼和仲裁的指导思想位置;在刑事领域,犯罪嫌疑人的合法权利经常受到侵犯,人权原则尚未得到切实贯彻和普遍遵守;在行政程序领域,行政听证时常流于形式;而法律程序责任的缺失更是在客观上加剧了民众对程序规则的漠视。历史上封建集权制度的影响,当前政治体制改革的滞后;正当法律程序观念的缺乏,公民对正当法律程序制度认识的匮乏等是导致上述如此众多问题的主要原因。要解决上述诸多问题,摆脱当前所处的困境,就应采取适当措施完善正当法律程序制度。为此,作者提出了如下建议:推进以以人为本、司法独立以及重视独立性价值为内容的正当法律程序理念化,并以此作为构建正当法律程序制度的思想保障;要有的放矢,针对具体的制度性缺陷进行改革和创新,包括完善听证制度,纠正民事领域的国家本位主义倾向,保障人权原则贯穿于刑事诉讼的始终,明确规定法律程序责任;加快推进政治体制改革,真正建立起权力运行制约机制是构建正当法律程序制度并保障其顺利落实和实施的根本保障、治本之策。
[Abstract]:To a great extent, the modern rule of law is the rule of procedure, and whether there is due process of law is the fundamental difference between the rule of law and the rule of man. The rule of law without due process is not the rule of law in the true sense. The institutional function of protecting citizens' human rights and its basic role in the rule of law, therefore, it is of great practical significance to construct a more perfect system of due process of law in China today, when the rule of law is defined as the strategy of governing the country by law. The concept of due process is the logical starting point of the subject of discussion. On the basis of the academic definition of the concept of due process of law, the author holds that due process has two meanings: in essence, in the sense of due process, It means that rights and freedoms cannot be deprived unless they are governed by the appropriate law; in the formal sense, this means that, once an act is to be determined by law, due process must be accompanied and naturally includes due legislation, Administrative and judicial proceedings. How to judge the "legitimacy" of due process of law? In the current academic world, there are criteria for effectiveness of results, criteria for validity of process value, unified criteria for validity of process and good results. Because the criterion of result validity can not solve the moral problem of legal procedure, the criterion of process value validity is simplistic and idealized, while the unified value standard contains the instrumental value and independent value of legal procedure. The value of due process is one of the core issues in the theory of due process. On the other hand, it also contains the independent value of safeguarding procedural justice, maintaining procedural peace and embodying procedural agreement. According to the unified value standard, there are still many problems in the design and implementation of the system of due process of law in our country. In the field of legislative procedure, the rules are sparse, the game mechanism is lacking, the degree of negotiation is low, and in the field of civil affairs, In the criminal field, the legal rights of criminal suspects are often violated, the principle of human rights has not yet been effectively implemented and universally adhered to, and in the field of administrative procedures, Administrative hearing is often a mere formality, and the lack of legal procedural responsibility objectively intensifies the public's disregard for procedural rules, the influence of the feudal centralization system in history, and the lagging of the current political system reform. The lack of the concept of due process and the lack of citizens' understanding of the system of due process are the main reasons for the above problems. In order to solve the above problems and get rid of the current predicament, we should take appropriate measures to perfect the system of due process of law. Judicial independence and the concept of due process of law, which takes the value of independence as the content, should be regarded as the ideological guarantee of constructing the system of due process of law. Including perfecting the hearing system, correcting the tendency of state orientation in the civil field, safeguarding the principle of human rights throughout the criminal proceedings, clearly stipulating the responsibility of legal procedures, speeding up the reform of the political system, It is the fundamental guarantee to set up the system of due process of law and guarantee its smooth implementation and implement, and to cure the root of the problem.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D920.0

【引证文献】