哈特的司法裁量理论研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 15:09

本文关键词： 规则承认规则开放结构司法裁量　出处：《湖南大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： H.L.A.哈特在他的经典著作《法律的概念》及其相关的著作中,运用日常语言分析哲学方法,站在描述性法理学立场上通过批判约翰·奥斯丁的法的命令模式建立了将法律视为自给自足的规则体系。在他的规则理论中,他对习惯与规则进行描述性分析,将内在观点作为一种视角纳入规则中。他建立了由原初规则与衍生规则结合的法律规则体系,通过作为衍生规则的承认规则为法律规则体系提供效力根据。由于规则本身因为语言的特性所具有的“开放结构”,导致承认规则的不确定性,使得法官在面对法律规定不明确或不完整的疑难案件中,需进行立法意义上的司法裁量。哈特强调法官行使裁量权并不是任意的,是建立在法官必须有一般性的理由来正当化他的裁判决定,而且法官必须像一位诚心的立法者般根据自己的信念和价值来作出裁判。哈特的有力挑战者德沃金首先从哈特的自由裁量问题开始来对哈特的理论进行批判,德沃金在批判哈特的理论时,通过引入法律原则集中批判哈特的规则体系理论的核心概念即承认规则,他要证明哈特所推崇的形式化的“承认规则”无法辨别所有的法律标准,从而达到否认哈特所论证的法官在法体系的“开放结构”处拥有自由裁量权,而案件存在着“唯一正确的答案”。哈特对德沃金的批判在其“后记”中进行了有力的回应,进一步完善了自己的裁量理论。哈特的裁量理论对于中国的法学理论研究方法、法官司法实践、以及立法者很有启发意义,以期对法治建设有所贡献。
[Abstract]:H. L. Ahart, in his classic, the Concepts of Law, and his related works, uses a philosophical approach to everyday language analysis. From the standpoint of descriptive jurisprudence, by criticizing John Austen's law as a model of command, he built a system of rules that saw law as self-sufficient. In his theory of rules, he made a descriptive analysis of habits and rules. He established a system of legal rules that combines the original rules with the derived rules. The rules of recognition as derivative rules provide the basis for the validity of the system of rules of law... because the rules themselves have an "open structure" because of the characteristics of the language, they lead to the uncertainty of the rules of recognition, In the face of difficult cases with unclear or incomplete legal provisions, judges are required to exercise judicial discretion in the sense of legislation. Hart stressed that the exercise of discretion by judges is not arbitrary. Is based on the fact that the judge must have general reasons to justify his decision. And the judge must judge, like a sincere legislator, on the basis of his beliefs and values. Hart's challenger, Dworkin, first criticized Hart's theory from Hart's discretion. In criticizing Hart's theory, Dworkin introduced legal principles to criticize the core concept of Hart's rule system theory, namely, the rule of recognition. He wanted to prove that the formal "rules of recognition" advocated by Hart could not distinguish all legal standards. Thus denying that the judge has discretion in the "open structure" of the legal system, and that there is "the only correct answer" to the case, Hart's criticism of Dworkin is powerfully responded to in his postscript. Hart's theory of discretion is of great significance to the study of Chinese legal theory, the judicial practice of judges, and the legislator, in order to contribute to the construction of the rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90

【引证文献】