夏河藏族纠纷解决方式研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 00:00

本文关键词： 夏河藏族纠纷解决习惯法国家法协调与互动　出处：《兰州大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对于“他者”纠纷解决过程的研究,一直是人类学家,尤其是法律人类学家的主要关注对象。在我国,自中华人民共和国成立以来,在民族区域自治的基本政治制度下,传统人类学研究中的“他者”和“我者”变成了同一时代的人。在这种背景下,选择夏河藏族这样一个颇具代表性、又较为低廉、便捷的“家乡式”研究对象,对其新时期的纠纷解决方式进行分析和研究,不仅能够正确认识不同知识体系在纠纷解决过程中的价值,而且有利于平衡保护民族多元文化与国家法制统一之间的矛盾,最终实现民族和谐与社会安定。在研究过程中,为了全方位、多角度地呈现夏河藏族的纠纷解决方式,除坚持根本的马克思主义的世界观和方法论之外,还综合使用了包括田野调查法、文献研究法、功能分析法、案例研究法及问卷调查法等在内的多种研究方法。通过研究发现,在夏河藏族的纠纷解决方式当中,既有源自“习惯法”体系的,也有源自“国家法”体系的。“习惯法”体系中的纠纷解决方式主要包括“群体械斗”、“多元化的民间调解”、“吃咒”等,而“国家法”体系中的纠纷解决方式则以诉讼为典型代表。由于不同类型的纠纷解决方式在形成原因、文化背景、适用范围、运作方式、实际效果及发展前景等方面各不相同,因此,它们在夏河藏族的纠纷解决过程中虽“竞争共存”,但冲突与碰撞不断,这种现象从根本上导致了夏河藏族纠纷解决秩序的混乱。基于此,在新的社会条件下,我们既要关注“习惯法”体系中纠纷解决方式的合法性,又要考虑“国家法”体系中纠纷解决方式的有效性；既要关注夏河藏族传统纠纷解决文化的传承,又要考虑社会主义法制在民族地区的统一适用。而要达到此目的,必须在坚持民族区域自治制度的前提下,遵循国家司法权统一、各民族一律平等、“弱式的”的法律多元等基本原则,通过具体措施的采取以实现不同类型纠纷解决方式之间的“协调与互动”。除绪论和结语外,整个研究可以分为三个部分,共五章：第一部分(第一、二章)是现状描述。这部分以“浅描+深描”的手法,不仅在宏观上向人们展示了夏河藏族纠纷解决方式的多元化事实及其形成原因,而且结合具体个案,对当前在夏河藏族纠纷解决过程中重要而典型的“群体械斗”、“多元化的民间调解”、“吃咒”及“诉讼”等纠纷解决方式进行了文化解释。第二部分(第三章)是问题分析。这部分将夏河藏族的纠纷解决方式分为“习惯法”和“国家法”两种不同体系,分别对“习惯法”体系中的“群体械斗”、“多元化的民间调解”、“吃咒”及“国家法”体系中的诉讼在当前纠纷解决过程中存在的问题进行了分析。第三部分(第四、五章)是对策建议。这部分内容既涉及到不同类型纠纷解决方式的自我完善与发展,又涉及到不同知识体系中纠纷解决方式之间的“协调与互动”。一方面,在新的社会时期,不同类型的纠纷解决方式有着不同的发展前景和命运。一些被国家法所明确禁止的纠纷解决方式,如复仇、“群体械斗”等会逐渐退出历史舞台；一些受民族历史文化支撑且国家法未明文禁止的纠纷解决方式,如“多元化的民间调解”、“吃咒”等不仅可以在一定范围内继续适用,而且能够作为新的社会治理方式而被采纳；而由国家法建构起来的诉讼,则应当在适用过程中尊重和考虑夏河藏族的传统文化,以减少和缓解其在纠纷解决实践中所遭遇的“文化冲突”。另一方面,随着社会的进步和法治的发展,“习惯法”与“国家法”之间的有机结合与良性互动将是夏河藏族纠纷解决的最佳方式。为了实现不同知识体系中纠纷解决方式的“协调与互动”,应该以“差异性的相容”为基本理念,对夏河藏族纠纷解决过程中“习惯法”与“国家法”“协调与互动”的可行性、应遵循的原则及具体途径进行探讨。值得注意的是,夏河藏族在纠纷解决过程中面临的问题在整个甘、青藏区、甚至全国藏区都普遍存在,只是在表现形式、影响程度等方面略有差异。也正因如此,对于夏河藏族纠纷解决方式的研究,对于新时期整个藏族在纠纷解决过程中如何正确处理“习惯法”与“国家法”之间的关系都有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:To solve the process of study for the "other" disputes, has been an anthropologist, especially the focus of legal anthropologists. In our country, since People's Republic of China was established, the basic political system of regional ethnic autonomy under the traditional anthropological research in "he" and "I" into the same age people. In this context, such a selection of Tibetan representative, and relatively cheap, convenient "home" the object of study, the new period of dispute resolution for analysis and research, can not only correct understanding of different knowledge system in the process of solving disputes in value, but also conducive to balance the contradiction between the protection of ethnic cultural diversity and the unity of the state legal system, finally realizing the ethnic harmony and social stability. In the course of the study, in order to resolve all-round, multi angle presented Tibetan dispute In addition, adhere to the fundamental of Marx's world outlook and methodology, but also includes the integrated use of field survey method, literature research method, functional analysis, case study and questionnaire investigation, a variety of research methods. Through the study found that in the Tibetan way to solve the dispute, is from "the customary law system, also from the" national law "system." customary law "in the system of dispute resolution includes" violent groups "," diversified civil mediation "," eat "Curse", and the system of national law "in solving disputes by litigation representative because of the different types of dispute resolution in the cause of formation, cultural background, scope, mode of operation, the actual effect and development prospects and other aspects are different, therefore, they are in Tibetan dispute resolution process is" co competition "But the conflict and collision, this phenomenon leads to the disorder of the Tibetan fundamentally solve disputes. Based on this, in the new social conditions, we should pay attention to the legitimacy of the dispute of" customary law "system solution, but also consider the effectiveness of the dispute system of state law in solving the way; not only focus on Tibetan traditional culture inheritance disputes, but also consider the unity of socialist legal system in ethnic minority areas. To achieve this goal, must adhere to the system of regional ethnic autonomy, according to the national unified judicial power, all ethnic groups are equal and the basic principle of" weak "legal pluralism so, through the specific measures taken to achieve different types of way to solve the dispute between the" coordination and interaction ". Besides the introduction and the conclusion, the study can be divided into three parts: the first part consists of five chapters. Points (the first, second chapter) is description of the status quo. In this part, "shallow description + deepdescription" approach, not only in the macro to showcase the Tibetan style in diversified dispute resolution and its causes, and combined with the specific case, the current in the Tibetan settlement of disputes in the process of important and typical "violent groups", "diversified civil mediation", "eat curse" and "litigation and dispute resolution for the cultural explanation. The second part (the third chapter) is problem analysis. This part of the Tibetan dispute resolution is divided into" customary law "and" national law "two different systems, respectively" the customary law of "system", "violent groups" diversified civil mediation "," eat curse "and the" national law "in the system of litigation in the current dispute solve the problems in the process were analyzed. The third part (the fourth, fifth chapter ) is the countermeasures. This part is related to the different types of dispute settlement to self-improvement and development, and involves different knowledge systems in solving disputes between the "coordination and interaction". On the one hand, in the new period, different ways of solving disputes have different development prospect and destiny. Some way to solve the state law explicitly banned by disputes such as revenge, "group fights" will gradually withdraw from the stage of history; some of the national historical and cultural support and the state law does not expressly prohibit the settlement of disputes, such as "diverse folk mediation", "eat curse" can not only continue to be used in a certain range inside, and it can be adopted as a new way of social governance; constructed by the state law litigation, should respect and consideration of Tibetan traditional culture in the process of the application, in order to reduce and The ease in resolving disputes in practice encountered "cultural conflict". On the other hand, with the development of society and the rule of law, "the organic combination between the customary law and national law and the benign interaction will be the best way to solve the disputes of Xiahe. In order to achieve different knowledge system in the way of settling the dispute" coordination and interaction "should be" compatible "differences as the basic idea of Tibetan settlement of disputes in the process of" customary law "and" law "and" coordination and interaction "and the feasibility, specific ways should follow the principle of discussion. It is worth noting that the Tibetan in the dispute settlement process problems in the whole Gansu, Qinghai Tibet region and even the whole country, Tibet are common, only in the form of expression, and the influenced degree is slightly different. Because of this, the Tibetan dispute resolution. In the new period, how to correctly handle the relationship between "customary law" and "state law" in the process of dispute settlement in the new period is of reference significance.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D920.4

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