中国古代渎职犯罪源流考

发布时间：2018-03-02 06:10

本文关键词： 中国古代渎职犯罪科举制《唐律疏议》　出处：《黑龙江大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在中国传统法律文化中,历朝历代的刑律在惩治和预防职务犯罪上都有明确的规定,为了厘清我国古代渎职犯罪形式的发展变化和法律的演变历史进程,本文从最早记载法律制度的《尚书》开始,探寻我国对渎职犯罪的开端,并对历代渎职犯罪的罪与罚及立法活动进行了梳理。《尚书》是记载我国法律制度的最早的一部史书,记载了传说的尧舜禹时期到西周穆王时期的有关法律制度,其中有诸多关于打击渎职犯罪的法律内容。可以说,古代渎职犯罪的刑名与刑罚皆源于《尚书》。而且,根据《尚书》的记载,夏商西周是中国古代渎职犯罪的起源。在秦汉时期,由于选官制度的不同,对于官吏的渎职行为的认定与打击力度较前代更为强劲,在废除“世卿世禄制”的同时,也废除了“礼不下庶人,刑不上大夫”的优待贵族官僚的法律特权,同时,反渎职犯罪的立法在这一时期获得了进一步的发展。在唐明清时期,较之于世袭、荐举等选官制度,科举制是至善至美的、公平、公开及公正的选举职官的方法,其改变了世卿世禄的血缘选官法和举荐的门阀士族制度。与此相适应,打击渎职犯罪的立法获得了进一步的完善。《唐律疏议》为历代封建法典之大成,为前承秦汉,下启宋元明清的封建法制的恢宏巨制,是研究渎职犯罪不可缺少的篇章;大明律则是朱元璋三十年的统治经验“日久而虑精,一代法使定”①,与唐律相比,大明律在立法精神上和立法体系上为之一变,并影响着有清一代的立法格局,成为打击渎职犯罪最有价值的法典之一。通过对历代典型法典关于渎职犯罪的考察,本文总结出历史上渎职犯罪的特点,即古代惩治渎职犯罪的法制演进历程是从对事到对官吏职守的历程,对渎职犯罪打击的范围具有广泛性,对渎职犯罪打击体现日趋严厉的趋势,注重打击渎职犯罪的制度建设等。而且,通过对中国古代渎职犯罪的梳理与分析,并与当今我国相关的法律规定进行比较,本文对历代渎职犯罪研究的启示是:对渎职犯罪,应以预防为主,打击为辅;加强对公务人员的思想道德和职业伦理教育;完善打击渎职犯罪的法律体系,并进一步强化权力的监督机制。
[Abstract]:In China's traditional legal culture, the criminal laws of successive dynasties have clear provisions in punishing and preventing job-related crimes. In order to clarify the development and changes of the forms of dereliction of duty in ancient China and the historical process of the evolution of the law, This article begins with the earliest record of the legal system, explores the beginning of the crime of dereliction of duty in our country, and combs the crime, punishment and legislation of dereliction of duty in the past dynasties. "Shang Shu" is the earliest historical book to record the legal system of our country. It records the legends of the relevant legal systems from the period of Yao, Shun and Yu to King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in which there are many legal contents on cracking down on the crime of dereliction of duty. The criminal name and penalty of the crime of dereliction of duty in ancient times were derived from Shangshu. Moreover, according to the record of Shang Shu, Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties were the origin of the crime of dereliction of duty in ancient China. In the Qin and Han dynasties, due to the difference of the system of selecting officials, the determination and attack of official malfeasance was stronger than that of the previous generation. At the same time, the legislation against dereliction of duty gained further development in this period. In the Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial examination system was the most beautiful, fair, open and fair method of electing officials, compared with hereditary, recommended and elected officials. It changed the law of selecting officials by blood and the system of recommending the master of the family. In accordance with this, the legislation against dereliction of duty was further consummated. The Tang Law was a great achievement of the feudal codes of the past dynasties, and it was the predecessor of the Qin and Han dynasties. The grand system of feudal legal system in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties is an indispensable chapter to study the crime of dereliction of duty. The law of Daming changed in the spirit of legislation and the legislative system, and influenced the legislative pattern of Qing Dynasty, and became one of the most valuable codes to combat the crime of dereliction of duty. This paper summarizes the characteristics of dereliction of duty in history, that is, the legal evolution course of punishing dereliction of duty in ancient times is from right to official's duty, through the investigation of the typical codes of the past dynasties on dereliction of duty, this paper summarizes the characteristics of dereliction of duty in history. The scope of cracking down on dereliction of duty is extensive, the strike against dereliction of duty reflects the increasingly severe trend, and the system construction of combating dereliction of duty is emphasized. Moreover, through combing and analyzing the dereliction of duty crime in ancient China, Compared with the relevant laws and regulations of our country today, the enlightenment of this paper to the study of dereliction of duty crime in the past dynasties is: prevention should be given priority to, attack should be secondary, ideological, moral and professional ethics education for public servants should be strengthened. Improve the legal system to combat dereliction of duty, and further strengthen the power of the supervision mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D924.393

【引证文献】