法律与道德——西方文明视野下法律与道德的关系

发布时间：2018-03-02 06:43

本文关键词： 法律道德农业文明商业文明　出处：《新疆大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 人类文明经历了由农业文明到商业文明的变迁,相应地,法律与道德关系也经历了一个由“法律的道德化”向“法律的去道德化”的转变,梅因将这一转变称之为“从身份到契约”。家庭和氏族是农业社会的基本单元,“血缘”是家庭和氏族成员关系的纽带,而道德便是由这种“血缘”纽带演化而来的。因此,道德是农业文明用以维持社会关系和社会秩序的主要规范,而这时的法律也总是一种道德化的法律。在商业社会,人脱离了身份、地位等“道德”因素的束缚,在陌生的关系中人是理性的“经济人”,人与人依靠“契约”连系着。理性化的生活造就了多元化的“新道德”和形式化的法律,“新道德”不再具有规制人与人关系的普遍性的功能,而法律祛除了传统道德的影响而成为规制人与人关系的形式化及普遍适用的规范。同时,商业社会中由于“经济人”的“理性”使得法律不得不考虑“新道德”的要求。本文通过对西方社会从农业文明向商业文明的转化过程的探讨,试图揭示法律与道德在这一转变过程中生成的新内涵及二者关系的新变化,以期正确认识当代中国法治秩序的性质及未来的走向。
[Abstract]:Human civilization has undergone a transition from agricultural civilization to commercial civilization. Accordingly, the relationship between law and morality has also undergone a transformation from "the moralization of law" to "de-moralization of law". Maine called the transition "from identity to contract." Family and clan are the basic unit of agricultural society, "blood" is the bond between family and clan members, and morality is derived from this "blood" bond. Morality is the main norm used by agricultural civilization to maintain social relations and social order. At this time, the law is always a kind of moral law. In the commercial society, people are separated from the shackles of "moral" factors such as identity and status. In a strange relationship, man is a rational "economic man", and people depend on "contract" to connect. Rational life has created diversified "new morality" and formalized law, "new morality" no longer has the regulation between people and people. The universal function of the Department, The law dispels the influence of traditional morality and becomes the formalization and universal norm of regulating the relationship between people. At the same time, due to the "rationality" of "economic man" in commercial society, the law has to consider the requirement of "new morality". This paper attempts to reveal the new connotation of law and morality in the process of transformation from agricultural civilization to commercial civilization, and the new changes in the relationship between the two, through the discussion of the transformation process of western society from agricultural civilization to commercial civilization. In order to correctly understand the nature of contemporary China's legal order and the future trend.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90-05

【引证文献】