论宋代土地交易中的权利保护

发布时间：2018-03-11 02:28

本文选题：宋代　切入点：土地交易　出处：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 中唐以后,中国古代经济形态发生了重大变化,土地等主要生产资料逐步向私有制转化,到宋代,土地私有制已经占据主导地位。宋代土地交易频繁,在人们的不断实践与政府的积极规范下土地交易在宋代逐渐制度化,形成了对后世影响深远的土地交易制度,在其中不难发现宋代对民事权利保护的规定。本文通过对《名公书判清明集》所记录判例的分析,介绍宋代土地交易立法以及对土地交易中民事权利的保护。文章在论述土地交易中的民事权利保护时,试图在方法论上寻求突破,主要以权利各方当事人的视角来评述,并在梳理的过程中引用了一些案例加以说明,从而反映出法律规范在现实生活中被遵守的情况,也使文章更具有说服力。文章由三部分组成,即引言、正文和致谢。其中正文包括三部分。第一部分:宋代土地交易频繁及民事立法的增加。宋代土地交易的盛行超过以往任何时代,使土地交易中的权利呈现出与前朝不同的特征。宋代活跃的土地交易引发了许多纠纷,立法者不得不对其重视、关注,进而去规范调整,宋代民事法律也就随之丰富完善。第二部分:宋代对土地交易中民事权利的保护。宋代频繁的土地交易现象促进了民事制度的发展,其中对土地交易中权利的保护也具有时代特色。对人类有价值的任何一种事物或现象都需要安全,土地这种历代受重视的财产更不用说,那么交易安全就成了一个重要的问题,为适应这一现象,宋代作了相应的立法,对交易安全的保护体现为对土地交易中权利的保护。该部分从合同效力规定对民事权利的保护和对交易有关各方民事权利的保护两个方面对土地交易中的权利保护进行分析。合同效力规定对民事权利的保护包括两个方面:一是合同订立须交易当事人意思自由;二是合同有效成立须公示。土地交易涉及与交易有关的各方,宋代对土地交易中权利的保护体现在对土地所有人的保护、对交易相对人的保护和对善意第三人的保护。第三部分:宋代土地交易中权利保护的局限性。虽然宋代土地交易法律制度较为完备,相应的土地交易权利保护得以发展,但是在宗法制度根深蒂固的封建社会里,父权、族权影响极大,个人权利必须服从家族的利益,在土地交易中表现出家庭本位、家长的财产处分权、亲邻优先购买权等家族主义特征。固有封建文化的渗透及其强大惯性等多种因素决定了土地交易权利保护最终难以超越厚重的历史文化传统。所以宋代土地交易中民事权利的保护有其历史局限性,不可能摆脱古代封建宗族宗法的束缚。
[Abstract]:After the middle Tang Dynasty, great changes took place in ancient China's economic form. The main means of production, such as land, were gradually transformed into private ownership. By the Song Dynasty, private land ownership had occupied a dominant position. Land transactions were frequent in the Song Dynasty. Under the constant practice of people and the positive norms of the government, the land transaction was gradually institutionalized in the Song Dynasty, and formed the land transaction system which had far-reaching influence on later generations. It is not difficult to find out the provisions on the protection of civil rights in the Song Dynasty. This paper introduces the legislation of land transaction in Song Dynasty and the protection of civil rights in land transaction. When discussing the protection of civil rights in land transaction, this article tries to seek a breakthrough in methodology, and mainly comments on it from the perspective of the parties involved in the right. And in the process of combing some cases cited to illustrate, thus reflecting the legal norms in real life is observed, but also make the article more persuasive. The article consists of three parts, that is, introduction, The text and thanks. The text consists of three parts. The first part: the frequent land transactions and the increase of civil legislation in Song Dynasty. The prevalence of land transactions in Song Dynasty was greater than at any time in the past. The active land transaction in the Song Dynasty caused many disputes, and the legislator had to pay attention to it, and then to regulate and adjust, the Song Dynasty civil law was also rich and perfect. The second part: the protection of civil rights in land transaction in Song Dynasty. The frequent land transaction in Song Dynasty promoted the development of civil system. Among them, the protection of rights in land transactions also has the characteristics of the times. Any kind of thing or phenomenon of value to mankind needs security, not to mention land, which has been valued throughout the ages, so transaction security has become an important issue. In order to adapt to this phenomenon, the Song Dynasty made corresponding legislation, The protection of transaction security is embodied in the protection of rights in land transactions. This part guarantees rights in land transactions from two aspects: the protection of civil rights under the terms of the validity of the contract and the protection of civil rights of the parties involved in the transaction. The protection of civil rights includes two aspects: one is the freedom of the parties to deal in the conclusion of the contract; Second, the effective establishment of the contract must be made public. The protection of the rights in the land transaction in Song Dynasty is embodied in the protection of the landowner, the protection of the counterparty to the transaction and the protection of the bona fide third party. The third part: the limitation of the right protection in the land transaction of the Song Dynasty. Although the legal system of the land transaction in the Song Dynasty is relatively complete and the corresponding protection of the land transaction right has been developed, in the feudal society with deep-rooted patriarchal system, the patriarchal right has been developed. The influence of clan right is great, individual rights must obey the interests of the family, and show the family standard in the land transaction, and the property disposition right of the parents. The patriarchal characteristics such as pro-neighbor preemption right and so on. The infiltration of inherent feudal culture and its strong inertia determine that the protection of land transaction rights is difficult to surpass the heavy historical and cultural tradition. Therefore, land transaction in Song Dynasty is difficult to exceed the historical and cultural tradition. The protection of civil rights in China has its historical limitations. It is impossible to get rid of the bondage of ancient feudal patriarchal clan.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.3;D929

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