20世纪90年代美国联邦枪支管制法律及其效用研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 20:00

本文选题：美国　切入点：枪支管制法　出处：《东北师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 美国是世界上少数允许私人拥有枪支的国家之一,这源于美国从殖民地时期便形成的枪支文化。在许多美国人看来,私人拥有枪支是从独立战争和西进运动时就形成的传统,持枪权是公民权利的重要组成部分,是保护自己及对抗暴政的手段。 20世纪以来,美国的持枪犯罪率急剧上升,枪支管制开始登上历史舞台。最初的枪支管制法律主要是由州和地方颁布的。随着形势的发展,联邦开始介入枪支管制,并发挥着越来越大的作用。20世纪90年代,美国联邦颁布了一系列枪支管制法律,这些法律在美国的枪支管制史上占有十分重要的地位。但是,对于90年代枪支管制法律的效用问题,各方学者分歧很大。本文的重点不在于分清各方观点的对错,因为站在不同的角度来看,每个人所说的都有一定的道理。在研究美国枪支管制法律的问题时,很多学者,尤其是美国本土的学者,都会或多或少地带有个人好恶,在论述时甚至会以观点来代替事实。笔者尽可能以事实为依据,对90年代枪支管制法律作出较为客观的评价。自从美国的枪支管制法律诞生以来,对其效用的质疑与争论就没有停息过。本文主要对90年代联邦枪支管制法律及其效用进行分析,同时也对90年代枪支管制法律面临的困境及这些困境背后所蕴含深层次的原因加以论述。有关90年代枪支管制法律的争论,不仅表现为是对事实的理解存在分歧,更暴露了美国民主制、宪法、利益集团等各方面所存在的问题。在美国现行的体制及各利益集团力量对比的情况下,枪支管制法律虽然能发挥一定的作用,但又不可避免地存在诸多漏洞,这些漏洞使枪支管制法律的效用受到很大程度的限制。
[Abstract]:The United States is one of the few countries in the world that allows private ownership of firearms, a result of a gun culture that began in the United States during the colonial period. In the view of many Americans, private ownership of firearms is a tradition that dates back to the War of Independence and the westward movement. Gun-holding right is an important part of civil rights and a means to protect oneself and fight tyranny. Since 20th century, the armed crime rate in the United States has risen sharply, and gun control has begun to take place on the stage of history. The original gun control laws were mainly enacted by states and localities. As the situation developed, the federal intervention in gun control began. In 90s, the United States enacted a series of gun control laws, which played a very important role in the history of gun control in the United States. On the issue of the effectiveness of gun control law in 90s, scholars differ greatly. The point of this paper is not to distinguish the right from the wrong, because from different perspectives, everyone has a point of view. When studying the issue of gun control law in the United States, many scholars, especially those in the United States, There are more or less personal likes and dislikes, and even the viewpoint is used to replace the facts. The author makes a more objective evaluation of the gun control law of 90s on the basis of facts as far as possible. Since the birth of the gun control law in the United States, there has been no doubt and debate about its utility. This paper mainly analyzes the federal gun control law and its utility in 90s. At the same time, the difficulties faced by the gun control law in 90s and the underlying reasons behind these difficulties are also discussed. The controversy about the gun control law of 90s is not only due to differences in understanding of the facts. It also exposed the problems existing in various aspects of US democracy, constitution, interest groups, and so on. Under the existing system in the United States and the balance of power among various interest groups, although gun control laws can play a certain role, But inevitably, there are many loopholes which limit the effectiveness of gun control law to a great extent.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.1

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