见义勇为立法的法伦理学分析

发布时间：2018-03-14 21:23

本文选题：见义勇为　切入点：人性　出处：《湘潭大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 见义勇为作为一种高尚的行为,一直被视为我们民族的传统美德,从古至今,无数的义勇之士,用他们的实际行动谱写着许许多多可歌可泣、慷慨激昂的正气之歌,为这个义举做了完美的诠释。随着社会的发展,文明的进步,法制的健全,见义勇为行为纳入到了法律的领域之内,各地的见义勇为立法就是一个很好的证明,但是现有的地方立法并没有妥善解决这个重要问题。因此,很多法律学者开始从诸多方面探寻解决见义勇为的相关问题,例如刑法、民法和法理等角度,且其中有些讨论是很深刻、有力的。但是,我们认为这些讨论还没能真正抓住这一现象的本质,作为一个在道义上备受赞誉,而法律中却无法切实保护好的行为,自然就引起了我们对道德与法律关系的问题思索,因此,我们从一个新的角度——法伦理学角度来讨论见义勇为问题,或许更能有所发现与突破,这也是本文写作的缘由。法伦理学作为一门边缘学科,它主要探讨法律与人性的关系问题、法律与道德的关系等问题。虽然这两个问题都是几千年来争论不休,且没有答案的问题,但是我们仍然选择它们作为入口,用自己的路径给以回答,期望得出的结论能对目前的现状有所助益。全文共分六个部分。第一部分通过列举有关孟祥斌的案例,提出见义勇为这个话题,并针对案例对现行见义勇为立法提出疑问;第二部分对古今中外见义勇为立法进行历史考察,并给予对比分析;第三部分是本文的重点所在,从理论上对见义勇为立法的合理依据进行论述,分为两个问题讨论:第一个问题,论述法律与人性的关系。先从人性开始,介绍了人性善论、人性恶论,以及人性亦善亦恶论,并选择了人性亦善亦恶论,再强调立法要尊重人的亦善亦恶性;第二个问题,论述道德与法律的关系。先从法律生成开始,提出法律源于道德,再讲到道德的界分问题,提出“大道德”与“小道德”之分,接下来论述的是道德法律化及其限制的问题,道德法律化的限制蕴含着法律对某些道德行为要加强保护。第四部分依据前一部分所提到的法伦理学理论,提出现今见义勇为立法所存在的三个问题;第五部分是对现行见义勇为立法的完善。依据之前的理论及主张,我们认为首先要在保留现有地方立法的基础上制定全国统一的见义勇为立法;其次,要在立法中要降低人性标准的设定,即重新给见义勇为进行定义;最后就是要在法律中设置合理的激励制度,真正保护好见义勇为者的应有利益。第六部分是本文的结语,再一次强调了本文写作意义,以及对一些未尽事宜进行了说明。
[Abstract]:Courage for good, as a noble act, has always been regarded as the traditional virtue of our nation. From ancient times to this day, countless brave men have written many songs of righteousness and impassioned righteousness with their actual actions. With the development of the society, the progress of civilization, the perfection of the legal system, the act of being brave for good has been brought into the realm of the law. The legislation of the righteous and brave in various places is a very good proof. However, the existing local legislation has not properly solved this important issue. Therefore, many legal scholars have begun to explore and solve the relevant issues of courage in doing justice from many aspects, such as criminal law, civil law and legal theory, and so on. And some of these discussions are deep and powerful, but we think they haven't really grasped the nature of the phenomenon as a morally acclaimed act that the law can't really protect. Naturally, we think about the relationship between morality and law, so perhaps we can find and break through from a new angle of view of legal ethics. This is the reason why this paper is written. As a marginal subject, legal ethics mainly discusses the relationship between law and human nature, the relationship between law and morality, and so on. Although these two issues have been debated for thousands of years, And there are no answers to the questions, but we still choose them as the entry point and answer them with our own path. We hope that the conclusions will be helpful to the present situation. The thesis is divided into six parts. The first part puts forward the topic of righteous bravery by enumerating the cases of Meng Xiangbin and questioning the current legislation of righteous bravery in view of the cases. In the second part, the author makes a historical investigation on the legislation of righteous bravery in ancient and modern times, and gives a comparative analysis. The third part is the focus of this paper, which theoretically discusses the reasonable basis of the legislation of righteous courage. First, the relationship between law and human nature. First, it introduces the theory of human nature, the theory of human nature and evil, and the theory of good and evil of human nature, and chooses the theory of human nature as well as good and evil. The second issue is to discuss the relationship between morality and law. Starting with the formation of law, the author puts forward that the law originates from morality, and then on the boundary of morality. This paper puts forward the distinction between "big morality" and "small morality", and then discusses the legalization of morality and its limitation. The limitation of moral legalization implies that the law should strengthen the protection of certain moral behaviors. Part 4th, according to the theory of legal ethics mentioned in the previous part, puts forward three problems existing in the legislation of righteous courage; The 5th part is the perfection of the current legislation on righteous courage. Based on the previous theories and opinions, we believe that first of all, we should formulate a unified national legislation on the basis of retaining existing local legislation; secondly, In order to set down the standard of human nature in the legislation, that is, to redefine the act of righteous bravery; finally, to set up a reasonable incentive system in the law to really protect the due interests of those who are brave enough to do so. Part 6th is the conclusion of this article. Once again, it emphasizes the significance of this paper and explains some outstanding issues.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-053

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