凯尔森的规范理论研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 21:27

本文选题：规范　切入点：规范的有效性　出处：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 凯尔森的纯粹法理论对二十世纪的法理学发展产生了重要影响,对现代西方法理学和中国法理学的研究都具有重要意义。凯尔森研究纯粹法学长达七十余年之久。直到他去世之前不久,仍然笔耕不辍,力图完善他的理论体系。在凯尔森最后二十年的学术生涯中,他逐渐回归法律实证主义本身,并且对心灵哲学和语言哲学产生了很大的兴趣。这些思想变化理所当然会影响到他的作为一个整体的法律理论体系。虽然凯尔森并没能完成他的最后一本书的写作,但是留下了大量的打印稿,通过维也纳凯尔森研究所整理出版的《规范的一般理论》,我们得以了解他想要传达的思想。本文试图阐述《规范的一般理论》中的主要内容,以此来展示凯尔森学术生涯后期的新主张,尤其是他重点阐述的规范逻辑问题。本文共分四个部分：第一部分回顾凯尔森的纯粹法理论的四部经典著作,即《纯粹法理论》(第一版)、《法与国家的一般理论》、《纯粹法理论》(第二版)以及《规范的一般理论》,从宏观上把握凯尔森的法学理论的发展和演变过程,理清从纯粹法理论到规范理论的发展脉络。第二部分分析了凯尔森的规范逻辑理论的几个基本概念。这里没有罗列所有的相关概念,而是集中于其中的三个概念,它们在凯尔森思想的发展演变过程中经历了重大的修正：规范的概念、规范的条件以及规范的有效性概念。在《规范的一般理论》中,凯尔森全面论述了他的意志理论,在此基础上,将规范定义为意志行为的意义。同时,为了论证规范的有效性,凯尔森现在对所有的规范都附加了一个条件,即被遵守或违反的可能。规范的有效性贯穿凯尔森的规范理论的始终,由于在本文中有多处详细论述,此处只做了要点概述。第三部分详细阐述了凯尔森的全新的规范逻辑理论。包括矛盾律的规范适用性以及推理规则的规范适用性。这一部分是《规范的一般理论》的重点所在,可以说,凯尔森在本书的前半部分阐述的概念和理论,都是为了这一部分准备的铺垫。这一部分完全颠覆了凯尔森以前主张的关于规范冲突以及一般规范和个别规范之间的关系的理论。凯尔森否定了规范冲突可以适用命题逻辑的矛盾律解决,并且,由于法律科学的被动性,凯尔森否定了法律科学解决规范冲突的可能。鉴于规范是意志行为的意义的“事实性”,凯尔森也否任了一般规范和个别规范之间存在推理关系。最后,凯尔森还否认了存在一种特殊的“法律逻辑”。第四部分讨论了凯尔森在逻辑与规范的关系问题上持有的否定性观点(即否定逻辑适用于规范)可能具有的意义、简要评价了凯尔森的规范理论,并初步论述了凯尔森的理论对中国法理学研究的启示。虽然凯尔森的规范理论仍然存在很多不足和争议之处,然而,无论是批判、补充还是超越它,都不能掩盖它原有的理论价值。一个理论有其发展和不断完善拓展的可能性,这本身就是它的生命力和魅力所在。凯尔森的法学理论的“纯粹性”、他的“分析”方法以及体现在他的理论中的“科学精神”,都是我们在法学研究中可以借鉴和学习的。
[Abstract]:Has an important influence on the development of the jurisprudence of the twentieth Century Kelsen's pure theory of law, is of great significance for the research of the modern western jurisprudence and jurisprudence. Kelsen China of pure law for more than 70 years. Until he died shortly before, still pen stopped working, trying to improve his theoretical system. In the last twenty years of Kelsen's academic career and he gradually return to legal positivism, and had a great interest in the philosophy of mind and philosophy of language. These changes will affect his thoughts behoove as a whole system of legal theory. Although Kelsen didn't finish his last book, but left a huge manuscript, the general theory. The publication of < code sorting through Vienna Kelsen research, we can understand he wants to convey the idea. This paper tries to explain. The main content of the standard general theory is to show the new ideas of Kelsen's later academic career, especially the normative logic which he focuses on.
This article is divided into four parts:
The first part of Kelsen's pure theory of law review four classics, namely "the pure theory of law (First Edition) > >, < the general theory of law and state," the pure theory of law (Second Edition) > > and < the general theory of norms, grasp the development and evolution of Kelsen's legal theory from the macro process to clarify the development, from the pure theory of law to norm theory.
The second part analyzes several basic concepts of Kelsen's theory of logic of norms. There is no list of all the relevant concepts, but focus on the three concepts, their evolution in the development of Kelsen's thought process has undergone significant revisions: normative concept, the concept of effective standardized conditions and regulations. In the general theory. "Standard, Kelsen expounded his theory of will, on the basis of this, the specification is defined as the meaning of the act of will. At the same time, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the standard, Kelsen is now the most specifications attached a condition, namely by observing or violating possible. The validity of norms theory of Kelsen the beginning, because there are many details in this article, here only the outline.
The third part elaborates the new normative logic of Kelsen's theory of norms. The applicability of the law norms including applicability and reasoning rules. This part is the focus of the general theory of norms > < place, it can be said that Kelsen in the first half of the book describes the concepts and theories are for this part of the preparation of bedding. This part completely subvert the previous Kelsen relationship between claims on regulating conflict and general norms and individual standard theory. Kelsen rejected the law of contradiction conflict norms can apply propositional logic to solve, and, due to the passive nature of the science of law, Kelsen denied the legal science to solve the conflict norms. The specification is the meaning of the act of will "facts", Kelsen also has no any inference relations between general norms and individual norms. Finally, Kelsen also denied There is a special "legal logic".
The fourth part discusses the negative view of Kelsen in the relationship between logic and standard on hold (i.e., negative logic for specification) may have significance, a brief evaluation of the Kelsen's norm theory, and discusses the Enlightenment of Kelsen's theory of jurisprudence China. Although Kelsen's norm theory there are still many problems and disputes where, however, whether it is critical, supplement or beyond it, it can cover up the original theoretical value. A theory has its development and constantly improve the possibility of extension, it is its own vitality and charm. Kelsen's legal theory of "pure", his "analysis" and reflected in his theory of "scientific spirit", are what we can learn from in the study of law.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90

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