南京国民政府时期行政诉愿制度探略

发布时间：2018-03-17 15:16

本文选题：诉愿　切入点：行政诉讼　出处：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 行政复议制度作为一种经济、便利、快捷的行政内部救济制度,具有化解行政纠纷,维护公民权益、监督行政权的有效行使的功能。民国时期行政诉愿制度是我国行政复议制度的滥觞,其丰富的法学研究以及具体的实践运作是一笔珍贵的遗产,值得我们当代人慎重对待。我国行政救济制度的起源于北洋政府时期及南京国民政府时期分别于1914年和1930年颁布施行的两部诉愿法。北洋政府存在时期短,诉愿制度作为一个舶来品,在国内尚没有足够的施行的理论基础和民众基础,且该法律本身也不成熟,存在缺陷。北洋政府以后,南京国民政府成立,在继承北洋政府时期诉愿法基础上于民国十九年(即1930年)3月24日颁布了新的《诉愿法》。该法不仅借鉴了世界上首部制定诉愿法的日本1890年诉愿法的优秀成果,并且逐步实现了本土化,加上有北洋政府时期诉愿法施行的经验,诉愿制度在当时发挥了较好的保障民权,监督行政权行使的作用。同时,南京国民政府还制定了相关配套实施的法律规范,其中包括同年颁布的《诉愿案件送达书类办法》、《诉愿审理委员会规则》,行政法院还颁布了相应的行政判例汇编。此外,在南京国民政府时期的制度中,行政争议案件解决的模式是:诉愿是行政诉讼制度的前置程序,并且是两级诉愿制度,即要进行行政诉讼必须经过诉愿、再诉愿两级程序。与此同时,全国又只在首都设立一个行政法院,且实行一审终审制。基于交通不便,级别过高等各种限制,行政诉讼案件数量非常少。因此,行政争议的解决主要是由行政诉愿制度来承担。南京国民政府时期的诉愿制度是当今台湾诉愿制度的前身,也是我国当下行政复议制度的基础。本文除绪论处主要分成四个部分: 第一部分,南京国民政府时期诉愿制度的理论基础。本部分主要介绍了中国近代诉愿法学的发展概况、诉愿的概念和特征、诉愿的功能以及诉愿法的法律渊源。第二部分,南京国民政府时期诉愿的制度背景。本部分包括两个方面的内容:一是诉愿法的沿革,阐述了自北洋政府时期以来诉愿法从无到有的一个发展过程。二是描述了南京国民政府时期诉愿制度与行政诉讼制度的关系,包括诉愿与行政诉讼之间的衔接,以及二者的异同。第三部分,对南京国民政府时期的诉愿制度的基本内容做出了详细的介绍。分别介绍了诉愿的管辖、当事人、诉愿审查及诉愿决定、诉愿送达与期间等内容。在介绍过程中,并非只是进行简单的资料罗列,而是综合了相关法律法规的具体条文,行政法院的判例要旨,当时的行政法学者的观点,以及自己的理解评价几个方面的因素,对行政诉讼制度的基本内容进行详细了的阐述。第四部分,从行政法院判例统计情况和具体案例分析两个角度对民国南京政府诉愿制度的推行做出介绍。选取了一些有代表性的行政法院的判例进行法律研究,试图通过对案例的分析从而对民国南京政府诉愿制度的实施状况有所了解。最后,总结南京国民政府时期诉愿制度的特点,得出结论,并简要分析这些特点对我国现行行政复议制度的借鉴作用。全文结论:(1)南京国民政府时期的诉愿制度已从刚开始被社会所不了解走向了开始获得社会大众认同。(2)实行行政判例制度,当代大陆法系及英美法系国家行政法上普遍采用行政判例制度以应对行政权行使的特殊性,及解决争议的灵活性;(3)所有的行政违法行为经过两级诉愿以后都可以提起行政诉讼,更加符合司法最终审查原则;(4)采用诉愿审理委员会制度,并赋予其较大的职权,以解决行政机关内部自我纠错机制的公正性问题;(5)诉愿中适用言词辩论方式,充分听取当事人意见,程序上做到公开公正。
[Abstract]:The administrative reconsideration system as a kind of economic, convenient, efficient internal administrative relief system, with resolving administrative disputes and safeguard the rights and interests of citizens, supervising the executive power function. The administrative petition system of the Republic of China is the origin of the administrative reconsideration system in China, the theory research and practice operation is a precious worthy of our heritage, contemporary people seriously. China's administrative relief system originated in the period of Beiyang government and Nanjing national government respectively in 1914 and 1930 promulgated two administrative appeal law. The Beiyang Government in short period, petition system as an import, in China it is still not enough as the theoretical basis and the people the foundation, and the law itself is not mature, the defects of Beiyang government. After the establishment of the Nanjing national government, the Beiyang Government Period on the basis of the administrative appeal law in ten Nine years (1930) March 24th promulgated the new "administrative appeal law. The law not only from the outstanding achievements of the world's first formulated the administrative appeal law administrative appeal law of Japan in 1890, and gradually realize the localization and implementation of Beiyang government administrative appeal law experience and petition system, play a better protection of civil rights at the time. Supervise the exercise of administrative power. At the same time, the Nanjing national government also formulated the relevant legal norms supporting the implementation, including the promulgation of" administrative appeals of the same year to book method >, < the Tribunal Rules, administrative court also issued a compilation of the administrative precedent accordingly. In addition, in the period of Nanjing national government system in the administrative dispute resolution mode: appeal is the pre procedure of administrative litigation system, and is the two petition system, that is to carry out administrative litigation must pass the appeal, another action may two level program. At the same time, the country has just set up an administrative court in the capital, and the implementation of a tiered system. Based on the traffic inconvenience, high level of restrictions, the administrative litigation case number is very small. Therefore, the settlement of administrative disputes is mainly borne by the administrative appeal system. The government of Nanjing during the civil administration appeal system is in Taiwan today the system is based on predecessor, our current system of administrative reconsideration.
In addition to this thread be mainly divided into four parts:
The first part, the theoretical basis of Nanjing National Government Petition System. This part mainly introduces the general development of the Chinese modern law, the concept and characteristics of administrative appeal, appeal and function of administrative appeal law legal origin.
The second part, the institutional background of the period of Nanjing national government. This part includes two aspects: one is the evolution of the administrative appeal law, describes a process of development from the period of Beiyang government since the administrative appeal law from scratch. The two is to describe the relationship between the period of the Nanjing National government administrative appeal system and administrative litigation system, including cohesion between the appeals and administrative litigation, and the similarities and differences of the two.
The third part, the basic content of the petition system in the period of Nanjing national government made a detailed introduction. Introduces the appeal jurisdiction, the parties, the review and appeal decision, the content served with the period. In this process, not only information on a simple list, but the specific provisions of the relevant laws and regulations the administrative court case, the administrative law scholars at that time point of view, as well as several factors to evaluate their own understanding of the basic content of the administrative litigation system in detail in this paper.
The fourth part introduces from the administrative court statistics and case analysis in two aspects of the implementation of the petition system of Nanjing government of the Republic of China. We selected some representative of the administrative court precedents for the legal research, trying to understand the Nanjing government of the Republic of China petition system implementation status through the analysis of the case.
Finally, summarize the characteristics of the system in the period of Nanjing national government concluded, and a brief analysis of the characteristics of reference to China's current administrative reconsideration system. Conclusion: (1) during the period of Nanjing national government petition system has from the beginning by the society do not understand to gain social public recognition. (2) the implementation of the administrative precedent system, the particularity of contemporary continental law system and Anglo American law system countries generally adopt the administrative precedent system in order to cope with the exercise of administrative power, flexibility and dispute resolution; (3) administrative violations after two after all appeals are administrative proceedings, more in line with the principle of final judicial review (4; the appeal tribunal system), and give it greater authority to solve the problem of justice, the internal organs of self correcting mechanism; (5) for the debate in the way of appeal, fully listen to Take the opinions of the parties and make public and fair in procedure.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D925.3

【引证文献】