言论自由与三种权益的冲突与博弈

发布时间：2018-03-18 20:04

本文选题：言论自由　切入点：权利冲突　出处：《延边大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在中国的法治进程中,有大量的权利冲突现象存在。这些权利冲突现象既存在于一些立法中,更多地则存在于司法过程、执法过程以及人们的日常生活中。在许多国家,言论自由被认为是宪法中公民的首要自由,但同时,这也是引起最多问题的自由,因为它会涉及到许多方面的利益和秩序。其中最具代表性的是言论自由与名誉权、隐私权、公共利益之间的矛盾冲突,这些冲突不仅广泛而且普遍。因此,如何解决言论自由与这三种权益之间的冲突成为了一个亟待解决的问题。本文从言论自由的基本理论入手,在综合分析各种学说的基础之上,简要阐明了言论自由的概念、言论自由的保护范围以及公言论和私言论的分类。本文在言论自由受到相对保护的基础之上进行了以下研究。首先,用案例分析的方式,叙述了言论自由分别与名誉权、隐私权、公共利益在司法实践中冲突的表现。隐私权虽并未在我国的法律文本中出现,但在理论上的研究已经相对成熟。将隐私权与名誉权分开讨论有助于研究结果的完整性。而后,从三个方面分析了言论自由与这三种权益产生冲突的原因。由于这四种权利背后的利益和价值各有不同,而且言论自由追求表达、评价、传播的价值和利益是受到隐私权(限制传播)、名誉权(限制评价)、公共利益(限制表达)的限制的,所以这些权利之间产生了张力,这是冲突产生的直接原因。其次,权利本身的涉它性、排他性是冲突产生的根本原因。最后,法律的抽象性和模糊性是权利之间产生冲突的重要原因。然后,本文从权利平衡的原则、立法中进行权利配置、司法中进行利益衡量这三个角度,提出言论自由与这三种权益之间冲突的基本解决模式。我国是大陆法系国家,不适用判例法,也不允许法官造法。并且,由于我国的历史文化传统、立法技术、司法制度等原因,言论自由并没有受到完善的保护。在这种环境和背景之下,针对如何实现我国言论自由与三种权益之间的平衡,笔者提出了两方面建议,即通过完善保护言论自由的法律以及借助司法解释这种技术手段来完善冲突立法规则,从立法方面来解决权利之间的冲突。同时,确定统一的价值评判标准,使法官在无法律明文规定的条件下能够用统一的原则和标准判案,最终达到公平正义的目的。
[Abstract]:China in the process of rule of law, there are a lot of phenomenon of conflict of rights. These rights conflict phenomenon not only exists in some legislation, more exist in the judicial process, the law enforcement process and people's daily life. In many countries, freedom of speech is considered to be the primary constitution of citizens freedom, but at the same time, the the problem is caused by the most freedom, because it involves many aspects of the interest and order. Which is the most representative of the freedom of speech and the right of reputation, privacy, conflict between public interests, the conflict is not only widely and widely. Therefore, how to resolve the conflict between freedom of speech and the three kinds of rights has become an urgent problem to be solved.
This paper starts from the basic theory of the freedom of speech, in a comprehensive analysis based on various theories, brief concept of the freedom of speech, freedom of speech and the classification of the scope of protection of public speech and private speech. This paper is based on the relative protection of freedom of speech in the following research.
First of all, by way of case analysis, the freedom of speech and the right of reputation, privacy, public interest in the judicial practice of the right to privacy conflict performance. Although not in the text of the law in our country, but the research on theory has been relatively mature. The right to privacy and the right of reputation of integrity are discussed contribute to the results. Then, analyzed the reason of the freedom of speech and the three rights conflict from three aspects. From behind the four rights interests and values are different, but the pursuit of freedom of expression evaluation, communication, values and interests is subject to privacy (restricted communication), the right of reputation (limit evaluation), public interest (restricted expression) limit, so the tension between these rights, which is the direct reason for the conflict. Secondly, right itself involved in it, exclusive is the root causes of the conflict generated. Finally, method Abstractness and fuzziness of law are the important reasons for the conflict between rights. Then, from the three angles of right balance, right allocation in legislation and interest measurement in the judiciary, this paper puts forward a basic solution to the conflict between freedom of speech and these three rights.
China is a civil law countries, the case law is not applicable, are not allowed to judge made law. And, because of China's historical and cultural traditions, legislation, judicial system and other reasons, there is no freedom of expression is the perfect protection. Under this background, in order to realize freedom of speech in China and three the balance of interests, the author puts forward two suggestions, namely through the improvement of the protection of free speech by means of law and judicial interpretation of this technology to improve the legislation of conflict rules, to resolve the conflict between the rights from the legislation. At the same time, determine the value judgment standard, to judge by the uniform principles and standards to judge prescribed in the no legal conditions, achieve fairness and justice.

【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D920.0

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