论美国地理标志的法律保护

发布时间：2018-03-20 17:32

本文选题：地理标志　切入点：商标　出处：《山西大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 地理标志是保护具有地域特色商品的重要手段和途径。在1994年WTO/TRIPs协定将地理标志明确作为一种知识产权加以保护后,世界各国对地理标志的保护日益重视。国际社会对地理标志的保护已经有一百多年的历史。在长期的发展过程中,各国逐渐形成了满足自身具体实践要求的地理标志保护模式。其中,美国的商标法保护模式简便有效,其用证明商标和集体商标保护地理标志的方式受到其他国家的效仿,我国对地理标志的保护很大程度上借鉴了美国的商标法保护模式。但由于我国对地理标志保护起步较晚,实践经验相对缺乏,在地理标志的制度设计、体系完善、法规制定等方面均存在不完善之处。特别是随着世界经济一体化步伐的加快和我国市场经济的发展,地理标志保护已成为我国保护民族传统产业和地域特色产品的重点内容。在此背景下,认真研究美国地理标志保护的相关制度规定及具体做法,特别是其国内、国际地理标志保护体系的协调运作经验,对于完善我国地理标志保护具有重要意义。除引言和结语外,本文共有四章。第一章首先在系统梳理美国地理标志法律保护历史脉络的基础上,对不同阶段地理标志保护的特点进行分析和总结,为下文从国内、国际两个层面详细展开对美国地理标志保护方法和手段的研究做好铺垫。第二章对美国国内地理标志保护的法律制度和具体做法进行详细分析。美国对地理标志的保护主要通过1946年的商标法,除了在具体规则上做出规定之外,还明确规定了用证明商标和集体商标来保护地理标志,因此文章将证明商标和集体商标独立出来做了介绍。美国酒类与烟草税务贸易局对葡萄酒和烈酒原产地的划分是美国对葡萄酒和烈酒地理标志保护的主要手段,因此,文章紧接着对其规章做了评析。由于美国是一个成文法和普通法并存的国家,虽然现在美国对地理标志的法律保护主要通过1946年的商标法,但普通法对地理标志的保护依然存在,所以最后对美国普通法保护地理标志的主要做法也做了介绍。第三章从国际视角对美国缔结的涉及地理标志保护的双边协定和多边协定进行分析,详细阐述了其对地理标志的保护和美国地理标志国际保护的运作机制。第四章结合实际总结美国地理标志保护制度对完善我国地理标志保护的启示,并提出具体对策：首先,对地理标志保护相关法律概念和范围进行明确和完善,提高地理标志保护的法律层级；其次,要完善我国现有的商标法及其他相关地理标志法律保护制度,建立协调统一的地理标志法律保护体系；再次,要对葡萄酒和烈酒进行专门有效的地理标志保护。最后,要加强与国际社会在地理标志保护方面的交流与合作,促进我国地理标志保护的国际化。
[Abstract]:Geographical indication is an important means and way to protect goods with regional characteristics. After the WTO/TRIPs Agreement in 1994 explicitly protected geographical indications as a kind of intellectual property, the protection of geographical indications has been paid more and more attention in the world. The international community has been protecting geographical indications for more than 100 years. In the process of long-term development, various countries have gradually formed a protection mode of geographical indications that meets the specific requirements of their own practice. The trademark protection model in the United States is simple and effective, and the way in which certification and collective trademarks are used to protect geographical indications has been emulated by other countries. To a great extent, the protection of geographical indications in our country is based on the trademark protection mode of the United States. However, due to the late start of the protection of geographical indications in our country, there is a relative lack of practical experience, and the system is perfect in the system design of geographical indications. There are some imperfections in the formulation of laws and regulations, especially with the acceleration of the pace of world economic integration and the development of China's market economy. The protection of geographical indications has become an important part of the protection of traditional national industries and regional products in China. In this context, the relevant regulations and specific practices of the United States for the protection of geographical indications have been carefully studied, especially in the country. The coordinated operation experience of international geographical indication protection system is of great significance to improve the protection of geographical indications in China. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, there are four chapters. The first chapter, on the basis of systematically combing the historical context of the legal protection of geographical indications in the United States, analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of the protection of geographical indications in different stages. Two levels of international research on the methods and means of geographical indication protection in the United States to do a good job. The second chapter makes a detailed analysis of the legal system and specific practices for the protection of geographical indications in the United States. The protection of geographical indications in the United States is mainly governed by the Trademark Law of 1946, with the exception of specific rules. There are also explicit provisions for the use of certification and collective trademarks for the protection of geographical indications, Therefore, the article introduces the independence of certification trademarks and collective trademarks. The division of the origin of wine and spirits by the US Bureau of Alcohol and Tobacco Taxation is the main means of protecting the geographical indications of wine and spirits in the United States. The article then reviews its regulations. Because the United States is a country with both statute and common law, although the legal protection of geographical indications in the United States is mainly through the Trademark Act of 1946, However, the protection of geographical indications by common law still exists, so the main methods of protecting geographical indications in American common law are also introduced in the end. The third chapter analyzes the bilateral and multilateral agreements on the protection of geographical indications concluded by the United States from the international perspective, and expounds in detail its protection of geographical indications and the operational mechanism of the international protection of geographical indications of the United States. Chapter 4th summarizes the enlightenment of the American geographical indication protection system to perfect our country's geographical indication protection, and puts forward the concrete countermeasure: first, make clear and perfect the relevant legal concept and scope of the geographical indication protection, To improve the legal level of geographical indications protection; secondly, to improve the existing trademark law and other relevant legal protection system of geographical indications, to establish a coordinated and unified legal protection system of geographical indications; third, Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the exchange and cooperation with the international community in the protection of geographical indications to promote the internationalization of the protection of geographical indications in China.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2;DD913

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