美国性犯罪者登记和信息披露法研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 07:23

本文选题：梅甘法　切入点：公共安全　出处：《湖南师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来有关我国刑事政策尤其是犯罪预防政策的理论研究日趋活跃,众多学者介绍自身学术观点的同时会借鉴域外法律制度并与我国相关法律制度相比较,而有些对该域外法制产生背景及其立法思想未能进行深入研究、分析以致对其产生片面认识或错误理解。因此客观而全面介绍国外法制是正确借鉴国外有用经验用于我国法制建设的前提与基础。本文首先介绍了性犯罪者登记和信息披露法律制度在美国确立的标志性事件——雅各·威特灵(Jacob Wetterling)案与梅甘·坎卡(Megan Kanka)案的事件情况、对美国司法立法的影响、案件引起的争议和相关理论探讨,重点介绍了“梅甘法”的起源、其在美国联邦、各州的发展以及对其他国家和地区的立法影响。通过美国对该制度的争议处理的法院判例、专家讨论等资料对该制度的立法价值进行了考量,我们可以看到美国努力在公共安全和性犯罪者权利之间寻求平衡时所做出的价值选择以及其所反映的立法思想,最后,文章探讨了我国刑满释放人员的处遇制度完善、前科消灭制度以及对罪犯隐私权保护的历史与现状,提出了性犯罪者登记和信息披露制度对上述制度在刑事司法政策上的一些启示,认为应当根据我国的国情同时借鉴各国经验,对犯罪者制定或适用某项制度时根据其犯罪行为性质、刑期的长短等采取分类分级的原则严格适用,切不可一概而论。性犯罪者登记和信息披露制度为我国犯罪预防的刑事政策提供了另一视角,我们应该看到任何人的权利并非绝对,国家出于对社会公共安全保护的考虑,当个人权利或权益与社会公共利益相对抗时,出于对社会公共安全的保护法律应该允许对抗个人隐私的要求,尽可能取得两者之间的平衡。对于社会生活中具有人身危险性的犯罪分子给予一定程度的报告或披露制度,来降低其人身危险性,既是对这些特殊人群的有力保护,更可以防止他们对社会其他人员和社会公正秩序的破坏,保护人民群众的劳动成果,促进人与人之间良好关系的形成,维护国家长治久安。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the theoretical research on our country's criminal policy, especially the crime prevention policy, has become more and more active. Many scholars introduce their own academic views and draw lessons from the extraterritorial legal system and compare it with the relevant legal system of our country. However, some of them have failed to make a thorough study of the background of the extraterritorial legal system and its legislative thinking. Therefore, the objective and comprehensive introduction of foreign legal system is the premise and foundation of using useful experience of foreign countries for reference in China's legal system construction. This paper first introduces the case of Jacob Wetterling and Megan Kanka, the iconic events established in the United States by the legal system of registration and disclosure of sex offenders, and their impact on the judicial legislation of the United States. The controversy caused by the case and the related theoretical discussion, focusing on the origin of the Megan Act, its development in the United States, the development of the states, and its legislative impact on other countries and regions. The legal value of the system has been taken into account by information such as expert discussions. We can see the value choices made by the United States in its efforts to strike a balance between public safety and the rights of sex offenders and the legislative ideas it reflects. This paper discusses the history and present situation of the protection of the privacy of criminals, including the perfection of the system of treatment, the elimination of criminal record and the protection of the criminal's right to privacy. Proposing some implications of the registration and information disclosure system for sex offenders on the criminal justice policy of the above-mentioned system, and considering that the experience of other countries should be drawn from in the light of the national conditions of our country, The principle of classifying and classifying the offender according to the nature of the criminal act and the length of the sentence is strictly applicable to the offender when he formulates or applies a certain system. The system of registration and disclosure of sexual offenders provides another perspective for our criminal policy on crime prevention. We should see that the rights of any person are not absolute, and that the State is concerned about the protection of public security in society. When an individual's rights or interests are opposed to the public interest of the society, the law should allow the protection of social public safety against the requirement of personal privacy. Strike a balance between the two as far as possible. By providing a certain degree of reporting or disclosure system to criminals who are physically dangerous in social life to reduce their personal risk, it is an effective protection for these special groups of people, It can also prevent the destruction of other social personnel and social justice order, protect the labor achievements of the people, promote the formation of good relations between people, and safeguard the long-term stability of the country.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：DD914;D971.2

【引证文献】