美国界定相关市场的SSNIP测试法研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 11:24

本文选题：相关市场　切入点：市场界定方法　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：相关市场的界定结果影响着涉案企业的市场份额，因此相关市场一直是各国反垄断制度的关注重点。相对而言，我国在反垄断立法上起步较晚，2008年开始施行《反垄断法》，2009年发布了《关于相关市场界定的指南》，这两部规范性法律文件基本介绍了相关市场的内容、界定方法，规定了国际普遍适用的假定垄断者测试分析思路，却没有详细规定该方法的操作流程。法律依据的空白成为今后相关市场界定司法实践的难点。因此，我们有必要借鉴美国丰富的反垄断立法和执法经验，不断完善适用于我国的方法。假定垄断者测试，又称SSNIP测试法，是目前反垄断制度较为完善国家界定相关市场时主要应用的方法。其核心内容是假定市场上存在一个处于垄断地位的企业，该企业是目标产品的唯一生产（销售）商，在进行一次或多次微幅但显著且非临时性的提价后，推测消费者是否转而消费其他产品，以评估候选市场是否为适当的相关市场。在分析SSNIP测试法在美国的产生和发展过程后，我们可以得知该方法以产业组织理论为基础，深受芝加哥学派自由主义的影响。自1982年首次作为界定相关市场的方法规定在《合并指南》后，SSNIP测试法先后经历了四次修改，内容日益丰富。在研究SSNIP测试法的具体内容时有必要掌握几个关键因素：基准价格和涨价标准。这两个因素直接关系着相关市场的界定结果，与一国的经济水平相关，为此，美国《合并指南》在基本数据的基础上设置了更为灵活的选取标准。相较于传统的市场界定方法，SSNIP测试法更关注产品自身价格弹性，提供了更加合理的分析框架。在界定相关市场时，SSNIP测试法以大量数据、经济学公式为基础，并非通过研究商品价格、用途、功能来界定相关市场的范围。因此，使用SSNIP测试法可以克服其他方法的主观随意性，所界定的相关市场外延也会更加明确。当然，尽管SSNIP测试法是相关市场界定方法的一大突破，有明显的先进性，但是该方法仍存在一定的局限，例如难以保证基础数据的准确性。对此，美国经济学家提出了一种更为合理的改进方法：临界损失分析法，该方法对数据的要求没有SSNIP测试法高，操作过程也更为简便。基于国内经济发展现状，我们有必要在分析SSNIP测试法产生、内容、局限及新发展的基础上，结合我国司法现状与经济现状，，构建适合我国的市场界定方法。
[Abstract]:The definition of the relevant market affects the market share of the enterprises involved, so the relevant market has always been the focus of attention of the antitrust systems of various countries. Our country started relatively late in antimonopoly legislation. In 2008, the Anti-monopoly Law was put into effect. In 2009, the guidelines on the definition of relevant Markets were issued. These two normative legal documents basically introduced the contents and methods of relevant markets. The idea of test and analysis of hypothetical monopolist is stipulated, but the operation flow of this method is not specified in detail. The blank of legal basis becomes the difficulty of the judicial practice of defining the relevant market in the future. It is necessary for us to learn from the rich antitrust legislation and law enforcement experience of the United States and constantly improve the methods applicable to our country. The hypothetical monopolist test, also called SSNIP test method, is the main method used by the state to define the relevant market, and its core content is to assume the existence of a monopoly enterprise in the market. The company is the only producer or distributor of the target product, speculating whether consumers will switch to other products after one or more small but significant but non-temporary price increases. After analyzing the emergence and development of the SSNIP test method in the United States, we can see that the method is based on the theory of industrial organization. Influenced by the liberalism of Chicago School, the SSNIP test method has undergone four revisions since 1982 as the first method to define the relevant market. It is necessary to grasp several key factors when studying the specific content of SSNIP test law: benchmark price and price increase standard. These two factors are directly related to the definition of relevant market and related to the economic level of a country. The US merge Guide sets more flexible selection criteria based on basic data. Compared with the traditional market definition method, SSNIP test pays more attention to the price elasticity of the product itself and provides a more reasonable analytical framework. In defining the relevant market, the SSNIP test method is based on a large number of data and economic formulas. The scope of the relevant market is not defined by studying commodity prices, uses, and functions. Therefore, using the SSNIP test method can overcome the subjective arbitrariness of other methods, and the relevant market extension can be defined more clearly. Although the SSNIP test method is a breakthrough in the related market definition method, it has some limitations, for example, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the basic data. American economists have proposed a more reasonable improved method: critical loss analysis, which requires less data than SSNIP test method and is easier to operate. Based on the present situation of domestic economic development, it is necessary for us to construct a market definition method suitable for our country on the basis of analyzing the emergence, content, limitation and new development of SSNIP test method, combining the current judicial and economic situation of our country.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.294;D971.2

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