论马克思自然法观

发布时间：2018-03-26 00:22

本文选题：自然法传统　切入点：法律理性主义　出处：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文重新阐释了马克思的法律理论,论证了这种法律理论可以在广泛的自然法传统内找到自己合适的位置。笔者将这种法律理论称之为“法律自然主义”理论,即马克思的自然法观。法律自然主义理论与其他的自然法理论共同分享了自然法传统的三大主要特征:第一,它假定了法律的二元存在:自然法和实在法;第二,它主张实在法是自然法的产物,自然法优位于实在法。自然法为实在法提供鉴别、评判和衡量的标准。第三,它建立了应该是什么的自然法和实际上是什么的实在法之间的桥梁,实在法要奋力去实现自然法。所有的自然法理论都共享这三项特征。当然,马克思主义的自然法观与自然法传统中的其他理论有着不同之处:和其他的自然法理论不同,它认为自然法广泛的孕育于社会形态或者生产方式之中。任何特定社会的实在法都是这个社会深层结构的反映。这些深层结构不仅仅是经济的。它们是法律的,但是是自然生成法律的。它们由那些对社会形态来讲本质的、必需的法律关系所构成,如果某一社会形态缺乏了它们,那么它将不会是现在这个社会形态而是其他类型的社会形态了。从这种意义上来讲,由这些必需的法律关系所构成的自然法构成并同时反映了这个社会中权利的结构。当我们说某一既定社会的实在法是其深层结构的法律表达的时候,意味着它是此社会生产方式的构成性的自然法的表达。就好像其他自然法理论把法视为来源于某事物的本质那样,马克思法律观认为这种由某一社会实在法所表达的自然法是其生产方式本质的一个构成部分。因此,本文称马克思的这种法律理论为“法律自然主义”,即自然法观。这种自然法具有客观性、独立性,不是永恒的,是历史的。它不仅在理论上是有益的,而且是有资格胜任实践的。
[Abstract]:This paper reinterprets Marx's legal theory, and proves that this kind of legal theory can find its proper position in the extensive natural law tradition, and the author calls this kind of legal theory "legal naturalism" theory. That is, Marx's view of natural law. Legal naturalism theory and other natural law theories share three main characteristics of natural law tradition: first, it assumes the dual existence of law: natural law and positive law; second, It argues that positive law is the product of natural law, and that natural law predominance lies in positive law. Natural law provides criteria for the identification, evaluation and measurement of positive law. Third, It establishes a bridge between the natural law of what is supposed to be and the positive law of what is in fact, which strives to realize natural law. All natural law theories share these three characteristics. Of course, The Marxist view of natural law is different from other theories in the tradition of natural law: unlike other theories of natural law, it holds that natural law is widely conceived in the social form or mode of production. The positive law of any particular society is a reflection of the deep structure of the society. These deep structures are not only economic. They are legal, but they are naturally generated. The necessary legal relationships, if a certain form of society lacks them, then it will not be the present form of society, but other types of social formation. In this sense, The natural law formed by these necessary legal relationships and at the same time reflects the structure of rights in this society... when we say that the positive law of a given society is the legal expression of its deep structure, It means that it is the constitutive expression of natural law of this social production mode. Just as other natural law theories regard law as derived from the nature of something, Marx's legal view considers this kind of natural law, expressed by the positive law of a given society, to be a component of the essence of its mode of production. This article calls this kind of legal theory of Marx "legal naturalism", that is, the view of natural law. This kind of natural law is objective, independent, not eternal and historical. And qualified for practice.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90

【引证文献】