德沃金的“原则论”诠释

发布时间：2018-03-30 11:41

本文选题：德沃金　切入点：原则论　出处：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： “法律是什么”这个问题堪称为法学界的“哥德巴赫猜想”,引得无数法律人、各大法学派钻研了几个世纪,皓首穷经,追寻不已。作为法律实证主义最杰出的代表,哈特发展与完善了奥斯丁的理论,创制“承认规则”作为检验其它所有规则效力的标准,将法律理解为法律是一个规则体系。而德沃金针对此观点发表了一系列论著,提出质疑,点燃战火,引发了法学界的一场大辩论。概括而言,德沃金以“原则论”的提出作为其思想体系的中轴,论述了法律不仅包括规则,还包括原则与政策的观点,阐述了“法作为阐释的概念”(law asinterpretation)的法律解释论,并提出了法的整体性(integrity)思想,最终落脚于保护人权这个终极目标。本文将从以下五个部分层层展开,通过详细论述德沃金的上述思想体系,试图能够解释德沃金所描述的“法律是什么”。引言部分,从德沃金的主要思想入手,引出其“原则论”,论述本文的研究意义与研究方法。第一章,对原则论的思想脉络进行梳理。首先,以德沃金对实证主义规则论的批驳为契机,用两个疑难案件的裁判过程来说明原则在司法实践中的现实运用;其次,阐述实证主义规则论存在的三重困境及内在矛盾,从而对比证明原则作为法律组成部分的正当性;最后,提出“隐含法律”的存在以论证原则的存在。第二章,我将把原则论放入德沃金整个思想理论体系中来论述,详细解释原则论与德沃金主要思想理论的关系:1、原则论与解释论。我将说明原则需要从解释中发现,而所发现的原则需要被解释才能最终找到疑难案件的正解;2、原则论与宪法论。宪法具有根本法的地位,规定了应当予以保护的基本人权,具有内在道德性。对宪法原则的道德解读是适用宪法的必然要求,而道德解读又受到原则的限制;3、原则论与权利论。德沃金提出原则论的目的就在于保护个人权利,原则是个人权利的来源与依据;4、原则论与整体性思想。整体性的核心是原则的整体性,而原则根本上是整体性的原则,二者密不可分。通过对原则论与解释论、宪法论、权利论和整体性思想关系的分析,我们可以清晰地看出,“原则论”在德沃金思想理论体系中的中轴地位。第三章,我将进一步阐释“原则”的根基,即法律原则运用的根本目的在于保障人权,从根本上解释德沃金对于人权的两个基本原则的论述。第四章,通过介绍国内外学者对此理论提出的质疑和此理论尚未解决的问题,辩证地分析“原则论”并做出总体评价。
[Abstract]:The question of "what is law" can be called "Goldbach conjecture" in the field of law. As the most outstanding representative of legal positivism, Hart developed and perfected Austin's theory, creating the rules of recognition as a test of the validity of all other rules. To interpret law as a system of rules, and Dworkin has published a series of essays on this point, raised questions, ignited the flames of war, and set off a great debate in the field of law. To sum up, Dworkin takes the proposition of "principle theory" as the central axis of his thought system, discusses the view that law not only includes rules, but also includes principle and policy, and expounds the legal interpretation theory of "law as interpretation". Finally, the author puts forward the idea of integrality of law, and finally puts forward the ultimate goal of protecting human rights. This article will start from the following five parts, through the detailed elaboration of Dworkin's above thought system, tries to be able to explain Dworkin's description of "what is the law". In the foreword part, we start with Dworkin's main thought, and draw out its "principle theory", and discuss the research significance and research method of this paper. The first chapter combs the thought of principle theory. Firstly, taking Dworkin's criticism of positivism rule theory as an opportunity, it explains the practical application of principle in judicial practice with the adjudication process of two difficult cases. This paper expounds the triple dilemma and internal contradiction of positivism rule theory, and compares the legitimacy of principle as a legal component. Finally, the existence of "implied law" is put forward to prove the existence of principle. In the second chapter, I will put the principle theory into Dworkin's whole ideological and theoretical system, explain in detail the relation between the principle theory and Dworkin's main thought theory: 1, the principle theory and the explanation theory. And the principles found need to be interpreted in order to finally find the correct solution to the difficult cases. 2. The principle theory and the constitutional theory. The constitution has the status of a fundamental law and stipulates the basic human rights that should be protected. Moral interpretation of constitutional principles is an inevitable requirement for the application of the Constitution, and moral interpretation is restricted by principles. 3. Dworkin put forward the theory of principle for the protection of individual rights. Principle is the source and basis of individual right. The core of integrity is the integrity of principle, and the principle is integral. The two principles are inseparable. Through the theory of principle and interpretation, the theory of constitution. From the analysis of the relationship between the theory of right and the whole thought, we can clearly see the central position of "principle theory" in Dworkin's thought theory system. In the third chapter, I will further explain the foundation of the principles, that is, the fundamental purpose of the application of legal principles is to protect human rights, and to explain Dworkin's discussion of the two basic principles of human rights. Chapter four, by introducing the questions raised by scholars at home and abroad and the unsolved problems of the theory, we dialectically analyze the theory of principle and make a general evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90

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