刑事庭审话语分析

发布时间：2018-03-31 19:39

本文选题：刑事庭审　切入点：话语分析　出处：《上海外国语大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 语言是人类最重要的交际和传递信息工具,在不同环境中使用便形成了不同的领域性语言。法律语言是语言在法律领域应用的一种机构性语言,有自己特有的特点。根据其不同的特点,又可以分为立法语言、司法语言和执法语言等。本文是以刑事庭审中的话语为研究对象,所以,属于司法语言。司法语言包括庭审所用语言和判决所用语言。法庭审判是最重要的法律活动之一,法庭审判的结果往往事关当事人的生命、自由、财产利益等,特别是刑事庭审。由于刑事审判本身对当事人权益影响的力度最大,国家强制力介入的程度最深,其庭审方式有着不同于其他诉讼的特殊性质。因此,研究刑事庭审中的话语现象,有着十分重要的理论意义和实践意义。本文以Sperber和Willson的关联理论为指导,结合会话分析方法来研究刑事庭审话语。首先,介绍了话语、话语分析、刑事庭审话语分析等基本概念,以及刑事庭审的过程。其次,分析了刑事庭审中的话轮和相邻对,并对庭审各角色启动相邻对的比例进行了定量分析。从中可以看出话语权在各角色中的分配。通过分析,我们得出结论:审判长在庭审中的权势是最大的,其不仅主持整个庭审过程,而且决定最终的判决结果;公诉人在庭审事实的调查阶段发挥着很重要的作用,其话语权也很大;由于我国现行法律制度的限制,律师在刑事庭审中的话语权相对较小;而被告人由于诉讼身份的特殊性,其话语权更小。再次,我们以关联理论为指导分析了刑事庭审中话语的关联性,关联理论承认语境的大小,认为语境并不是静态的,而是动态的。在较小的语境中并不关联的话语,在较大的语境中却能找到关联,在案件事实调查的阶段,大小语境之说有着重要的策略作用。另外,通过语料分析我们发现,在刑事庭审中,一些推理并没有严格的逻辑形式,而是借助认知语境的一种关联推理,我们在文中,也通过具体的案例进行了论证。最后,我们对刑事庭审中的话语冲突——打断和重复,进行了分析,并总结了刑事庭审中各角色所使用的言语策略及其言语特点。
[Abstract]:Language is the most important tool for communication and information transmission.Legal language is an institutional language used in the field of law, which has its own characteristics.According to its different characteristics, it can be divided into legislative language, judicial language and law enforcement language.This article takes the discourse in the criminal trial as the research object, therefore, belongs to the judicial language.The judicial language includes the language used in the trial and the language used in the judgment.Court trial is one of the most important legal activities. The result of court trial is often related to the life, freedom, property interests of the parties concerned, especially the criminal trial.Because the criminal trial itself has the greatest influence on the rights and interests of the parties, and the state forces intervene the most, its trial mode is different from other litigation.Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the phenomenon of discourse in criminal trial.Under the guidance of the relevance theory of Sperber and Willson, this paper studies the criminal trial discourse with the conversational analysis method.First of all, it introduces the basic concepts of discourse, discourse analysis and criminal trial discourse analysis, as well as the process of criminal trial.Secondly, the paper analyzes the speech wheel and adjacent pairs in the criminal trial, and makes quantitative analysis on the proportion of the adjacent pairs initiated by each role in the trial.From this, we can see the distribution of discourse right in each role.Through analysis, we conclude that the presiding judge is the most powerful judge in the trial, who not only presides over the whole trial process, but also decides the final judgment result; the public prosecutor plays a very important role in the investigation of the facts of the trial.Because of the limitation of our country's current legal system, the lawyer's right to speak in criminal trial is relatively small, and the defendant's right of speech is even smaller because of the particularity of litigation status.Thirdly, under the guidance of relevance theory, we analyze the relevance of discourse in criminal trial. Relevance theory acknowledges the size of context and holds that context is not static, but dynamic.In the small context, the irrelevant discourse can be found in the larger context. In the stage of case investigation, the theory of large or small context plays an important role in strategy.In addition, through the corpus analysis, we find that in criminal court, some reasoning does not have strict logical form, but with the help of a kind of relevance reasoning of cognitive context. In this paper, we also demonstrate it through concrete cases.Finally, we analyze the conflict of words in the criminal trial-interruptions and repetition, and summarize the speech strategies used by the various characters in the criminal trial and their speech characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-055;D915.3

【引证文献】