美国无遗嘱继承制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 00:00

本文选题：无遗嘱继承　切入点：法定继承　出处：《湖南师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在美国,无遗嘱继承制度是与遗嘱继承制度相对应的,又称为法定继承制度,是指在无遗嘱的情况下,直接根据法律规定的继承人的范围、继承顺序、应继份、遗产分配特殊规则以及代位继承等转移被继承人遗产的一项法律制度。根据我国继承的观念和传统习惯,我国民众一直是偏重法定继承的。时至今日,我国经济迅速发展,公民个人财富也逐渐增多,家庭结构也相应发生了变化。这些变化表明我国1985年的现行继承立法与相关司法解释在一定程度上已滞后于时代的发展。目前,修正现行法定继承制度已在学术界达成共识。在美国,无遗嘱继承制度是十分成熟的,研究美国该制度具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。不仅对我国继承制度的完善,而且对未来《民法典》继承篇的创设有着极大的借鉴作用。文章首先介绍了美国无遗嘱继承制度,不仅探讨了其历史沿革,还对无遗嘱继承制度的内容进行了深入研究,目的在于说明美国无遗嘱继承制度的意义。其次,运用对比分析的方法,通过对美国的无遗嘱继承制度的评析,分析目前我国法定继承制度存在的不足,总结美国无遗嘱继承制度具有的特点及对我国的启示。最后文章还对我国法定继承制度的修改与完善提出可行性的建议,例如：我国未来法定继承制度应重新确立法定继承人的范围及其顺序,通过建立特留份制度加强对配偶及未成年子女的继承权。同时扩大代位继承发生的原因,以及代位继承人的范围,以体现法律的公平性和可预测性。
[Abstract]:In the United States, the intestate succession system corresponds to the testate succession system, also known as the legal succession system. It means that in the case of intestate, the succession should be directly based on the scope and succession order of the heirs prescribed by law. A legal system for the transfer of heirs, such as special rules for the distribution of inheritance and subrogation. According to the concept of inheritance and traditional customs of our country, the Chinese people have been biased towards legal inheritance. Up to now, China's economy has developed rapidly. The personal wealth of citizens has also gradually increased, and the family structure has changed accordingly. These changes indicate that the current inheritance legislation and related judicial interpretations in 1985 have to some extent lagged behind the development of the times. The revision of the current system of statutory succession has reached a consensus in academic circles. In the United States, the system of intestate succession is very mature. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the system of succession in the United States. Moreover, it can be used for reference to the creation of the future Civil Code succession. This paper first introduces the intestate succession system in the United States, not only its historical evolution, but also the content of the intestate succession system, the purpose of which is to explain the significance of the intestate succession system in the United States. By means of comparative analysis, through the analysis of the intestate succession system in the United States, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the present legal succession system in China. This paper summarizes the characteristics of the testate succession system in the United States and its enlightenment to our country. Finally, the article puts forward some feasible suggestions for the modification and perfection of the legal succession system in our country. For example, China's future legal inheritance system should re-establish the scope and sequence of legal heirs, strengthen the inheritance rights of spouses and minor children through the establishment of special retention system, and at the same time expand the reasons for the occurrence of subrogation inheritance. And the scope of subrogation successor to reflect the fairness and predictability of the law.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2;DD913

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