《钦定大清商律》研究及其现代启示

发布时间：2018-04-05 03:19

本文选题：《钦定大清商律》　切入点：商事习惯　出处：《郑州大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】：《钦定大清商律》作为清末法制变革的第一个成果,有着深厚的文化、经济、政治背景。其在中国传统法律没有近代意义上的商法的基础上,把西方近代商法的一些诸如股份有限公司、有限责任、股东、董事等先进的制度、原则、概念引进中国,迈出了中国法制近代化的第一步,使清末资本主义工商业的发展获得了一定的法律保障,一定程度上促进了清末中国民族资本主义的发展。然而,由于担任商法编纂的伍廷芳、载振等大臣虽然对西方法律有所了解,但对西方商法的要义并没有真正理解,基于现实的急迫需要,在参阅了西方各国商法之后匆匆忙忙对日本商法、英国商法等加以裁剪拼凑,仓促中制定了《商人通例》和《公司律》两部分合为《钦定大清商律》,连商法中最为关键的商行为、商事主体等基础概念都没有给予充分的解释。体例不完备、内容欠缺,加之制定中忽略了清末工商业发展的实际,没有顾及中国传统的商业习惯,所以这第一部商律只实施了几年后就遭到了许多质疑,迫使清立法者不得不考虑重新制定一部商法典。另外,对《钦定大清商律》的实施情况进行研究,发掘其实施过程中暴露出来的种种问题,对于探究《钦定大清商律》失败的原因,从中汲取经验教训也是有所裨益的。 “中国与日本地属同洲,政体民情最为相近”。正因为如此,在日本明治维新成功的范例下,清术的法制变革受日本的影响最多。无独有偶,作为《钦定大清商律》主要移植对象的日本明治商法,有着和《钦定大清商律》相似的产生背景,二者最终的命运却完全不同,日本明治商法不仅对促进日本经济发展发挥了巨大的作用,并且在经过几次修改后与时俱进,一百多年后的今天仍在适用,表现出来强大的生命力。对二者加以比较,深入发掘造成二者差异之所在,对当今的商事法律建设应当有着不小的意义。当前我国的市场经济正在迅猛发展,与之相关颁行的单行商事法规已经为数不少,但是由于采取何种立法模式还没有定论,所以关于商法基本精神、基本原则一直没有一个明确的总则性的规定,致使单行的商事法规无所归依。《钦定大清商律》中《公司律》的产生背景和过程或许可以给我们解决这个问题提供一些启示和借鉴。此外,《钦定大清商律》暴露出来的商事法律移植问题,制定商事法规时如何处理传统商业习惯等问题,都是我们当今商事法规制定难以避免的,对此做以研究有其现实意义。
[Abstract]:"The first fruits of imperial Qing Business Law > as legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty, has a profound cultural, economic and political background. There is no basis for commercial law in the modern sense in the traditional legal China, put such as Limited by Share Ltd, western modern commercial limited liability, shareholders, directors and other advanced system principle. Introduce the concept of China, the first step China the modernization of the legal system, make the development of capitalist industry and commerce to obtain some legal protection, to a certain extent promoted the development of national capitalism in the late Qing Dynasty China. However, as compiled by the Wu Tingfang law, Zaizhen etc. Although knowledge Minister of western law, but the essence of western the law did not really understand, urgent need based on the reference to western countries in a hurry to the Japanese commercial law, commercial law and other British to cut together, hasty The general rule of businessman made < > and < > two parts is the company law > < Qing business law, even taking the most important behavior in commercial law, the basic concept of commercial subject did not give full explanation. The style is not complete, lack of content, and the formulation of ignoring the actual development of industry and Commerce in the late Qing Dynasty. Do not take into account China traditional business practices, so the first law of business only after a few years and be questioned, forced legislators to consider the establishment of a new commercial code. In addition, the implementation of "Qing Business Law >, explore the implementation of the problems exposed in the process of to explore why James," Qing Business Law > failure, learn from the experiences and lessons is also helpful.
"Chinese and Japan belong to the same continent, the most similar customs regime". Because of this, the success of Meiji Restoration in Japan, the legal system reform of Qing Dynasty is most affected by Japan. Coincidentally, as the "imperial Qing Business Law > main object transplantation of Japanese Meiji commercial law, with the background of Qing Dynasty and" commercial law > similar, while the ultimate fate of the two are completely different, the Japanese Meiji commercial law not only plays an important role in promoting the economic development of Japan, and after being modified several times to keep pace with the times, more than 100 years later still apply, shows strong vitality. Compared to the two, explore cause the difference between the two, for the construction of today's commercial law should have no small significance.
China's market economy is developing rapidly, the related regulations have been enacted separate commercial number, but because the legislation pattern is not conclusive, so on the basic spirit of commercial law, the basic principle has not a general explicit provisions of the background and process of the commercial law single unbelonging company. Imperial Qing Business Law > > < Law may provide some inspiration and reference for us to solve this problem. In addition, "James commercial legal transplantation Qing Business Law > exposed, how to deal with traditional business practices and other issues to develop commercial law, we are today's commercial regulations is difficult to avoid. This study has its practical significance.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929

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