中美刑事政策比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 10:53

本文选题：刑事政策　切入点：犯罪原因　出处：《复旦大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：今天,中国社会正处于社会改革和发展的时期。在变革的洪流中,人们从未放弃对于一个平稳、安定社会的追求。社会的巨大变化不可避免地带来了一系列问题,犯罪率的上升就是其中之一。因此,制定科学合理的刑事政策、有效地应对犯罪形势的挑战,是为建设和谐社会保驾护航的重要手段。美国是传统上的犯罪大国,然而,在近20年来,美国的犯罪率却表现出整体下降的趋势。可以说,在犯罪的治理领域,美国积累了丰富的经验。本文试图通过对两国刑事政策的比较,试图从一个客观、自省的刑事政策研究视角,寻找我国当代刑事政策存在的问题,为刑事政策的研究抛砖引玉。本文一共分为六个章节。第一章介绍中美刑事政策比较的理论基础。本文首先对两国的犯罪状况进行简单的介绍和分析,试图在实证层面对刑事政策比较的必要性进行解释。其次,文章对刑事政策概念进行了分析和解读,对比国内外学者对于刑事政策的界定,给自己的理解。最后,对中美两国刑事政策比较的意义进行阐述,以解析刑事政策比较的内在价值和外在压力为基础,解释了中美刑事政策比较的缘起。第二章梳理刑事政策的传统渊源。刑事政策的传统渊源不仅仅是历史积累下的经验,而且依然影响着当代各国的刑事政策。所以,文章按照时间顺序,从早期的刑罚思想开始,先后对古典主义、实证主义和人道主义刑事政策进行了梳理和评价,为中美刑事政策的比较奠定理论基础。第三章选取有代表性的美国犯罪学理论,通过整理它们对于犯罪原因的理解来展现美国刑事政策的理论依据。本章以最具影响力的犯罪社会学派的思想为主,介绍并评论了芝加哥学派、紧张理论、文化与亚文化理论、标签理论、冲突理论、控制理论的犯罪原因理论。此外,还选取了犯罪社会心理学和环境犯罪学的理论进行了梳理。第四章解读当代美国的刑事政策。本章首先将美国刑事政策置于公共政策领域进行考察,理解刑事政策作为美国公共政策的一部分所具备的特殊性。接着,介绍了美国目前的两极化刑事政策,对其在“重重”、“轻轻”两个方面的表现进行了总结。最后,将美国刑事政策置于美国的政治、法律体系的宏观背景下进行了解读。第五章介绍中国当代的刑事政策,首先对中国当代以来的刑事政策进行了梳理,接着对中国特色的刑事政策实践进行分析,对它所反映出来的传统基础、发展趋势和法治基础分别进行了总结。第六章回归到中美刑事政策比较的主题上,分别从研究方法、运行实践和政策内容三个角度入手,论述美国刑事政策所带来的启示。综上所述,本文主要致力于从宏观角度比较中美两国刑事政策,针对双方的差异,就我国刑事政策的完善进行了初步的探索。本文的创新之处主要体现在思维视角上,一方面以美国繁盛的犯罪学研究成果作为理解美国刑事政策内容的基础,另一方面从美国刑事政策作为公共政策一部分的角度,审视美国政治环境下刑事政策所体现来的特质。在此基础上,对完善我国的刑事政策提出实体与程序方面的建议。
[Abstract]:Today, China society is in the social reform and development period. In the change of the flood, people never give up for a smooth, stable society. The pursuit of great changes to social areas inevitably a series of problems, the crime rate rise is one of them. Therefore, to establish scientific and reasonable criminal policy, effectively deal with the crime situation challenge, is the important means of building a harmonious society escort. The United States is the traditional criminal powers, however, in the past 20 years, the crime rate has shown an overall downward trend. It can be said that in the field of crime control, the United States has accumulated rich experience. This paper tries to compare the two countries of the criminal policy, attempts from an objective perspective, the criminal policy of self reflection, to find the existence of contemporary criminal policy in our country, for the research of criminal policy.
This article is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter introduces the theoretical basis of criminal policy of Sino US comparison. The introduction and analysis of simple first crime situation between the two countries, attempts at an empirical level the necessity of criminal policy comparison was explained. Secondly, this paper makes an analysis and interpretation of the concept of criminal policy, comparative analysis of domestic and foreign scholars to define the criminal policy, give yourself understanding. Finally, the Sino US comparison of criminal policy significance expounded the intrinsic value and the external pressure on the basis of the comparison analysis of the criminal policy, explains the origin of Sino US comparison of criminal policy.
The second chapter is the traditional origin of the criminal policy. The traditional origin of the criminal policy is not only the historical accumulation of experience, and still influences the modern criminal policy. Therefore, this article according to the time order, starting from the early penalty thought, in order to classicism, positivism and humanism of criminal policy and evaluation of the comb for comparison, establish Sino US criminal policy theory.
The third chapter selects American criminology theory representative, through the collation they understand the reason for the crime to show the theoretical basis of the criminal policy of the United States. In this chapter, the crime society's most influential thoughts mainly introduces and comments on the Chicago school, tension theory, culture and sub culture theory, labeling theory, conflict theory. The causes of crime theory control theory. In addition, also selected the criminal psychology and environmental criminology theories.
The fourth chapter of criminal policy interpretation of contemporary America. This chapter first reviews the criminal policy in the field of public policy, understand the criminal policy as a part of the United States has the particularity of public policy. Then, introduces the current polarized criminal policy, the "heavy", "gently" in two aspects performance is summarized. Finally, the American criminal policy in the American political and legal system under the macro background of the interpretation.
The fifth chapter introduces China's contemporary criminal policy, first combing the criminal policy in contemporary China, then analyzes the practice of criminal policy with Chinese characteristics, summarizes the traditional foundation, development trend and rule of law foundation reflected by it.
The sixth chapter comes back to the theme of the comparison of criminal policy between China and America. From the three perspectives of research methods, operation practices and policy contents, the Enlightenment of American criminal policy is discussed.
In summary, this paper focuses on comparing the two countries from a macro perspective of criminal policy, for both sides of the difference, on the improvement of China's criminal policy has carried on the preliminary exploration. The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the thinking perspective, on the one hand, America's criminology research results as the basis for understanding the content of the criminal policy of the United States, another from the aspect of American criminal policy as part of a public policy perspective, re-examine the American political environment criminal policy embodied the characteristics. On this basis, to improve our criminal policy of substantive and procedural aspects of the proposal.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D971.2;D924;D925.2

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