秦汉医事法律制度述论

发布时间：2018-04-15 04:18

本文选题：秦汉 + 医事法律制度　；参考：《华东政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 今人每言及医事法律制度之历史,多喜论之于唐宋及其后,盖史料丰富、律令存世。然秦汉时期在我国医学与医事法律制度的历史上是具有重要地位的,本文在继承学术界诸位先贤研究成果的基础上,试图勾勒出秦汉医事法律制度可见之大致框架,就某些制度加以探讨,并总结出其中可供借鉴的历史经验或启示。本篇论文包括导言、正文、结论和参考文献四部分。导言部分交待了本文的研究目的、相关研究状况、研究史料及方法,并在对本文标题进行说明的同时,也对相关概念加以辨析。正文部分共分为四章。第一章为医官制度。首先,从太医令丞制度、医事属官系统、军队医疗系统、与医相关职位四个部分构建出了医官体系的设置。其次,在考察医官的来源时,先从分析医者身份入手,再对当时的教育选拔制度加以论述。最后,通过上述内容总结出秦汉医官制度的特征与评价。第二章为防疫制度。该制度主要由事前预防机制与事后应对措施构成。前者主要包括了生态环境保护、日常卫生防疫、疫病奏验机制三部分；而后者则分为控制隔离、视察救助、禳除灾祸、灭绝生命这四方面。最终,在总结秦汉防疫制度特征的同时,也对该制度中蕴涵的思想加以论述。第三章为生育制度。首先,从禁止适龄男女不婚、禁止“同姓为婚”与“近亲相奸”、明确法定婚姻年龄三个方面介绍了秦汉时是如何通过这些禁婚制度来保证优生的。其次,论述了政府通过资助聘财、养胎保婴、杀怪子免罪的措施来鼓励结婚与生育。最后,得出了秦汉生育制度的特征与蕴涵思想。第四章则收集了一些散见于秦汉简牍或史书的法令,主要包括食品卫生与医疗责任两部分。在食品卫生中介绍了对腐败、有毒食品的处理以及对疾腐肉革的赔偿问题。而医疗责任部分则主要介绍了秦时的相关法令以及汉代三个有关医生获罪的案例。最后,得出了本文的结论,即秦汉时期已经有了一套比较系统的医事法律制度,将其与当今相比较,会发现它已具有了现代医事法律体系的主体部分,而造成这种发展状况也与当时的政治军事、文化思想、医学科技、社会状况这些因素有关。更为重要的是,我们考察秦汉医事法律制度,也能为解决当今诸如传染病防治、生态环境保护、父母杀伤畸形或残障子女等问题以及建设我国现代医事法律制度提供一些借鉴经验或启示。
[Abstract]:In the Tang and Song dynasties and beyond, the history of medical legal system is rich in historical data and laws and decrees exist in the world.However, the period of Qin and Han dynasties is of great importance in the history of medical and medical legal system in China. Based on inheriting the achievements of scholars, this paper attempts to outline the general framework of the legal system of medical affairs in Qin and Han dynasties.This paper probes into some systems and sums up some historical experiences or enlightenments which can be used for reference.This thesis includes four parts: introduction, text, conclusion and reference.The introduction describes the purpose of this paper, the research situation, historical materials and methods, and at the same time to explain the title of this paper, and to discriminate and analyze the relevant concepts.The text is divided into four chapters.The first chapter is the medical officer system.First of all, from the system of Taiyimancheng, the medical system, the military medical system, and medical related positions, the establishment of the medical officer system is constructed.Secondly, when investigating the origin of medical officers, we first analyze the identity of doctors, and then discuss the educational selection system at that time.Finally, the characteristics and evaluation of the medical officer system of Qin and Han dynasties are summarized through the above contents.The second chapter is the epidemic prevention system.The system consists of preventive mechanism and countermeasures.The former mainly includes three parts: ecological environment protection, daily health and epidemic prevention, and epidemic disease inspection mechanism, while the latter includes four aspects: control isolation, inspection and rescue, eliminating disasters and extinction of life.Finally, the characteristics of epidemic prevention system in Qin and Han dynasties are summarized, and the ideas contained in the system are also discussed.The third chapter is the fertility system.First of all, from prohibiting men and women of the right age from not marrying, prohibiting "marriage with the same surname" and "adultery of close relatives", and defining the legal marriage age, this paper introduces how these forbidden marriage systems were used to guarantee eugenics in Qin and Han dynasties.Secondly, the government encourages marriage and childbearing by subsidizing the employment of money, keeping the baby and killing the strange son.Finally, the characteristics and implication of the fertility system of Qin and Han dynasties are obtained.The fourth chapter collected some laws scattered in Qin and Han dynasties, mainly including food hygiene and medical responsibility.In food hygiene, the problem of corruption, the treatment of poisonous food and the compensation for diseased rotten meat leather are introduced.The part of medical responsibility mainly introduces the relevant laws of Qin Dynasty and three cases of doctors' conviction in Han Dynasty.Finally, the conclusion of this paper is drawn, that is, the Qin and Han dynasties have already had a set of systematic medical legal system, comparing it with the present, we can find that it already has the main body part of the modern medical law system.This development is also related to the political and military, cultural and ideological, medical science and technology, social conditions and other factors.More importantly, if we examine the legal system of medical affairs in the Qin and Han dynasties, we can also solve the problems such as the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the protection of the ecological environment.The problems of parents killing or killing deformed or disabled children and the construction of modern medical legal system in China provide some experience or enlightenment.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929

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