中央与地方立法权限划分问题初探

发布时间：2018-04-15 18:53

本文选题：立法权限 + 中央立法　；参考：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的不断发展，国家权力集中在唯一的中央权力机关变得不现实，，分权成了必然。立法权作为最能体现人民主权原则的权力，必须在横向及纵向两个维度的不同主体之间进行分配。虽然在西方，学者们普遍更关注立法、行政和司法权的分权与制衡，但对于我国这样地区发展不均衡，仍处在法制体系建设阶段，规模巨大的国家来说，立法权在中央和地方层面的纵向分配更具现实意义。其核心便是央地立法权限的划分。本文首先对我国央地立法权限划分的现状进行了梳理，明确了我国的地方立法面临三大限制：一是不能介入中央立法专属事项，二是不能与上位法相抵触，三是裁决机制的事实限制。通过分析，本文列举了我国目前央地立法权限划分存在的问题，包括制度规范含糊不清、地方立法“抵触”上位法缺乏明确的认定标准、中央独揽重要事项立法权等。这些问题的解决需要借鉴各国的经验。本文的第二部分即为央地立法权限的比较研究，在分析不同国家的央地立法权限划分实例，描述了它们权限划分特点的基础上，归纳了各国央地立法关系的发展趋势。接下来，本文提出了若干条解决目前央地立法权限划分存在的问题的具体建议，包括设立协助相关审查机关完成立法审查工作的机构，更详细而明确地表述中央立法专属事项等。同时，本文还提出加大立法职业化和立法民主化对各立法主体在行使立法权时准确把握自身的权限有很大的促进作用。最后，本文还对完善央地立法权限划分的改革动力来自何处进行了粗略的探讨。在指出公众参与及他们的权利诉求是央地立法关系优化的最根本动力的同时，本文也对地方政府以及党在推动央地立法权限划分均衡化的过程中扮演的积极角色作了展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the centralization of state power in the only central authority becomes unrealistic and decentralization becomes inevitable.Legislative power, as the most effective power to embody the principle of people's sovereignty, must be distributed between different subjects in both horizontal and vertical dimensions.Although in the West, scholars generally pay more attention to the separation of powers and checks and balances between the legislative, executive and judicial powers, for a country such as China, where the development is not balanced and is still in the stage of building a legal system, the scale of the country is huge.The vertical distribution of legislative power at the central and local levels is of more practical significance.Its core is the division of legislative authority.In this paper, the author firstly combs the current situation of the division of the legislative authority in the central region of our country, and clarifies that the local legislation of our country faces three major limitations: first, it is impossible to intervene in the exclusive matters of central legislation, and secondly, it cannot conflict with the upper law.The third is the factual limitation of the adjudication mechanism.Based on the analysis, this paper lists the problems existing in the division of the legislative authority of the central and local authorities in China, including the ambiguity of the system and norms, the lack of clear standards for the identification of the local legislation "conflict" with the upper law, and the central authorities' exclusive legislative power over important matters, and so on.The solution of these problems needs to learn from the experience of other countries.The second part of this paper is the comparative study of the legislative authority of the central region. On the basis of analyzing the examples of the division of the legislative authority of the central region in different countries and describing the characteristics of the division of the jurisdiction, the author sums up the development trend of the legislative relationship between the central regions of the various countries.Next, this paper puts forward several specific suggestions to solve the problems existing in the division of the legislative competence of the central district, including the establishment of a body to assist the relevant examining organs to complete the legislative review work.More detailed and clear expression of the central legislative exclusive issues, etc.At the same time, this paper also puts forward that increasing the legislative professionalization and the democratization of legislation can greatly promote the legislative subjects to accurately grasp their own authority when exercising their legislative power.Finally, this paper discusses roughly where the reform motive force of perfecting the division of legislative authority comes from.While pointing out that public participation and their claim of rights are the most fundamental motive force for the optimization of the legislative relationship between central and local governments, this paper also looks forward to the positive role played by local governments and the party in the process of equalizing the division of legislative authority between central and local governments.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D920.0

【参考文献】