韩国宪法变迁中的宪法修改研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 06:02

本文选题：宪法变迁 + 宪法修改　；参考：《复旦大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 宪法变迁是指一部宪法在其生命历程中的发展变化,这些变化包括宪法修改、宪法解释和宪法惯例等。其中,宪法修改是指宪法颁布实施以后,由于政治、经济、社会环境发生重大变化或宪法自身具有缺陷,依照宪法规定的合法程序对其内容进行变更的行为。为了提高宪法的现实适应性,宪法修改是必要的,但为了保持宪法的权威和稳定性,也必须谨慎地进行修改。韩国宪法自1948年制定实施以后,经过了共9次的修改过程,宪法修改的历程就是韩国的宪政史。因为韩国政治、经济、社会发展不充分,市民的民主意识尚未成熟,执政者的政权野心太大,韩国政治在历史上很快就变为权威主义政权体制。随着政治情势的变化,执权者经常推动了宪法修改。大部分修宪是为了保障执政者的权威主义政权的巩固,其修改内容集中在国家的政体和总统选举方式的变更,总统任期延长等问题,而不在提高人民基本权利的问题。因此韩国社会经常显出矛盾和混乱的局面。在此环境下,韩国人民在进行长期斗争当中不断反抗独裁政权而努力推动民主化,1987年的第9次宪法修改就是人民获得胜利而实现民主化的最终标志。目前韩国民主政治还在发展中,我们从历史经验看,宪法要发挥其应当所做出的作用,比如保障人民基本权利,规定国家权力的分配等,首先需要实现政治的民主化和权力追求有序性,提高人民对民主主义的认识,然后也要完善其运用制度和环境。本论文除引言外,共分为三章,第一章阐述了宪法变迁的概念,分析了宪法修改的含义、其必要性和价值。第二章探讨了韩国自从1948年制定建国宪法以来的宪法修改历程。分析了宪法修改的国内外环境、政治背景和原因,阐述了修改内容并对其加以评价。第三章分析了韩国宪政史的特征以及修改宪法的特点。在此基础上提出了未来韩国宪法发展的走向。
[Abstract]:Constitutional change refers to the development and change of a constitution in its life course. These changes include constitutional amendment, constitutional interpretation and constitutional convention.Among them, the constitutional amendment refers to the act of changing the content of the constitution according to the legal procedure stipulated in the constitution because of the major changes in the political, economic and social environment or the defects of the constitution itself after the constitution was promulgated and implemented.In order to improve the adaptability of the constitution, it is necessary to amend the constitution, but in order to maintain the authority and stability of the constitution, it is necessary to make the amendment carefully.The constitution of Korea has been revised for 9 times since its enactment and implementation in 1948. The course of constitutional amendment is the history of constitutionalism in Korea.Because the political, economic and social development of Korea is not sufficient, the democratic consciousness of the citizens is not mature, and the political ambition of the rulers is too great, the Korean politics has quickly become an authoritative regime system in history.As the political situation changes, power holders often push for constitutional changes.Most of the constitutional amendments are aimed at ensuring the consolidation of the authoritarianism of the rulers, and the amendments focus on the changes in the state's political system and presidential election methods, the extension of the presidential term and other issues, rather than the improvement of the basic rights of the people.As a result, Korean society often shows contradictions and chaos.In this environment, the Korean people continue to fight against the dictatorship in a long struggle to promote democratization. The ninth constitutional amendment in 1987 is the ultimate symbol of the people's victory and democratization.At present, Korean democratic politics is still developing. From the historical experience, the Constitution should play its role, such as safeguarding the basic rights of the people, stipulating the distribution of state power, and so on.First of all, it is necessary to realize the democratization of politics and the pursuit of order of power, to enhance the people's understanding of democracy, and then to perfect its application system and environment.This thesis is divided into three chapters except the introduction. The first chapter expounds the concept of constitutional change, analyzes the meaning, necessity and value of constitutional amendment.The second chapter discusses the history of constitutional amendment since the founding of the Republic of Korea in 1948.This paper analyzes the domestic and foreign environment, political background and reasons of the constitutional amendment, and expounds the contents of the amendment and evaluates it.The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of the history of Korean constitutionalism and the characteristics of amending the constitution.On this basis, put forward the future trend of the development of the South Korean Constitution.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D931.26;DD911

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